1 Merely augmenting the total amount of food produced is inadequate to tackle world hunger Food insecurity is affected by many other factors such as trade policies unequal distribution and economic policies even when present output is sufficient to meet human requirements In her essay Jennifer Clapp draws attention to the intricacies and stresses the necessity of fundamental changes to economic policy in addition to production initiatives The article analyzes how economic policies impact food security bringing up topics such as donor aid declines and financial speculation Although increasing output is essential more comprehensive reforms are also needed to address underlying problems Merely boosting output ignores the underlying factors that keep people hungry As a result while production is crucial concentrating only on it ignores the larger context of how economic policies shape food security 2 In light of the aforementioned assessments I concur that biofuel policies are in conflict with achieving zero hunger The study demonstrates how policies supporting large scale biofuel production in particular have impacted food production and distribution by increasing competition for arable land and contributing to food price instability According to the analysis producing biofuel particularly from crops like maize takes a large amount of agricultural resources away from producing food which could result in food shortages and increased food costs Claim made by the expert is consistent with the paper s focus on the negative consequences that biofuel policies have on the world s food security Policies that promote the development of biofuels have boosted demand for them which has resulted in the conversion of food crops on agricultural land to biofuel crops decreasing the availability of food supplies Food costs are affected by this change which makes it harder for needy groups to get enough food at a reasonable price In conclusion it is reasonable to argue that biofuel policies contradict the objective of achieving zero hunger because they exacerbate the issues raised in the paper regarding global food security given the documented impact these policies have on food production distribution and prices 3 Export restrictions have a major impact on the world s food markets which exacerbates hunger on a global scale Restrictions adopted by countries to protect their residents from price spikes or stabilize domestic markets particularly on staple foods have unfavorable effects Such actions upset the balance between supply and demand on a worldwide scale driving up prices Countries that rely heavily on imports suffer from rising food prices on the global market which makes planning a budget and preparing for food need more difficult particularly for those with few resources The World Food Programme WFP and other humanitarian relief organizations face difficulties in obtaining food for their programs which exacerbates the food shortages in areas that are already vulnerable Furthermore export restrictions exacerbate speculative activity in the food markets and financial instability Because they depend on imported food Least Developed Countries LDCs are particularly vulnerable to interruptions in the worldwide food supply chain as a result of export limitations Export restrictions may help local markets but they have a negative global impact that exacerbates the complicated problem of world hunger 4 It is possible to link the trend of declining public investment in agriculture in emerging nations to industrialization in wealthy nations Subsidized industrial produce was less expensive to import than to make locally As a result of their increased reliance on imports these nations ability to improve their own food production severely declined Financial investors began to acquire huge swaths of land and holdings in farming enterprises as a result of this shift to private investments Millions of hectares of land were given to both domestic and foreign investors by several African nations Many studies show that these investments cause smallholder farmers to be uprooted which has an impact on their means of subsistence and the availability of food The majority of the time the investments are made specifically for the goal of producing food and biofuel crops sending goods to nations seeking investment rather than meeting domestic needs Financial intermediaries frequently make speculative private agricultural investments which causes price volatility