Urry 3rd edition Campbell Biology in Focus Ch 8 Photosynthesis A v a i l a b l e o n P e a r s o n C h a n n e l s w w w p e a r s o n c o m c h a n n e l s Urry 3rd edition Campbell Biology in Focus Ch 8 Photosynthesis CONCEPT INTRODUCTION TO PHOTOSYNTHESIS Photosynthesis process that uses energy from to synthesize sugars glucose EXAMPLE Overall Chemical Equation for Photosynthesis CO2 H2O light energy sunlight are used to make C6H12O6 Oxygen gas O2 Chloroplasts green organelles that function as the site of Recall photosynthetic organisms are called since they make their own food PRACTICE The main product of photosynthesis is a Glucose b Oxygen c Carbon dioxide d Water e Sunlight Photosynthesis is a Redox Reaction The overall chemical equation for Photosynthesis is a reaction EXAMPLE Chemical Equation for Photosynthesis By the end of the process CO2 is while water is PRACTICE Which of the following reactants is reduced during the process of photosynthesis a Oxygen gas b Photons of light c Carbon Dioxide d Water Page 1 Urry 3rd edition Campbell Biology in Focus Ch 8 Photosynthesis CONCEPT INTRODUCTION TO PHOTOSYNTHESIS Photosynthesis vs Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration are ancient pathways that are highly connected Each process produces the needed for the other Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration are almost exactly the of each other EXAMPLE Connecting Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis PRACTICE Energy used to power photosynthesis ultimately cellular respiration originates from which energy source a Glucose b ATP c Carbon dioxide d The sun Page 2 Urry 3rd edition Campbell Biology in Focus Ch 8 Photosynthesis Meso phyll Stomata tiny in the leaf that allows gas exchange of CO2 O2 H2O with the atmosphere Recall chloroplasts the sites of have important anatomy CONCEPT LEAF CHLOROPLAST ANATOMY Mesophyll interior leaf tissue consisting of mesophyll cells which have a lot of EXAMPLE Leaf Chloroplast Anatomy PRACTICE A gelatinous matrix inside the chloroplast containing ribosomes DNA and enzymes is the Chloroplasts power photosynthesis by absorbing waves of light PRACTICE Which plant structure is responsible for a plant s gas exchange with the atmosphere a Granum b Chlorophyll c Thylakoid d Stroma e Mitochondria a Chloroplast b Stomata c Mesophyll d Stroma Page 3 Urry 3rd edition Campbell Biology in Focus Ch 8 Photosynthesis 1 Reactions converts light photons H2O into chemical energy O2 2 Cycle uses CO2 chemical energy for the synthesis of glucose CONCEPT STAGES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS Photosynthesis occurs in stages EXAMPLE Stages of Photosynthesis Map of the Lesson on Photosynthesis PRACTICE Based on the map above the step of photosynthesis that generates glucose sugar is a The Calvin cycle c C3 photorespiration b The light reactions d C4 photorespiration Page 4 Urry 3rd edition Campbell Biology in Focus Ch 8 Photosynthesis Photons particles of light with high kinetic energy that travel in with different wavelengths The shorter the wavelength the kinetic energy the photon has CONCEPT ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM Sunlight travels millions of miles from the Sun to Earth as Spectrum range of possible wavelengths of a photon EXAMPLE The Electromagnetic Spectrum Visible Light narrow segment of light to our eyes PRACTICE The component of the electromagnetic spectrum that allows our eyes to visualize color is a X rays b Gamma rays c Ultraviolet light UV d Visible light e Infrared light PRACTICE A photon is an example of energy Photons have energy at short wavelengths and energy at long wavelengths c potential high low d potential low high a kinetic high low b kinetic low high Page 5 Urry 3rd edition Campbell Biology in Focus Ch 8 Photosynthesis CONCEPT PIGMENTS OF PHOTOSYSTEMS In order to harness light energy for photosynthesis chloroplasts have several types of Pigments molecules that wavelengths of visible light Chlorophyll the main photosynthetic pigment in chloroplasts Accessory Pigments all other photosynthetic pigments that are Chlorophyll a Some wavelengths of light are absorbed while others are we visualize reflected light Different pigments absorb wavelengths of light EXAMPLE Types of Photosynthetic Pigments PRACTICE Examples of accessory pigments for photosynthesis are a Chlorophyll b and carotenoids b Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b c Chlorophyll a and carotenoids d Carotenoids chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a Absorption Spectrum of Photosynthesis Absorption Spectrum graph showing the light of pigment molecules Page 6 Urry 3rd edition Campbell Biology in Focus Ch 8 Photosynthesis CONCEPT PIGMENTS OF PHOTOSYSTEMS PRACTICE Which of the following pigments does NOT absorb yellow orange light 650 750nm a Chlorophyll a b Carotenoids c Chlorophyll b d Both a c Composed of several Harvesting Complexes surrounding a Reaction Center Most plants have photosystems involved with performing the Reactions of Photosynthesis Introduction to Photosystems Photosystems complexes of pigments proteins other molecules found in the membrane EXAMPLE Structure of a Photosystem PRACTICE The figure shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis Why are they different a Green and yellow wavelengths of light inhibit the absorption of red and blue wavelengths b Oxygen given off during photosynthesis interferes with the absorption of light c Accessory pigments are absorbing light in addition to chlorophyll a which can be used in photosynthesis d Aerobic bacteria take up oxygen which changes the measurement of the rate of photosynthesis Page 7 Urry 3rd edition Campbell Biology in Focus Ch 8 Photosynthesis Synthesizes to power the Calvin Cycle while producing as a byproduct NADPH an carrier that transports energized electrons CONCEPT LIGHT REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS Light Reactions 1st stage of photosynthesis that occurs in the membrane space EXAMPLE The light reactions are powered by energy In normal photosynthesis the products of the light reactions are used to power a potential photorespiration b sunlight photorespiration c sunlight the Calvin cycle d potential the Calvin cycle PRACTICE Describe the primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis a Production of NADPH used in cellular respiration b Use of ATP to make glucose c Conversion of chemical energy to light energy d Production of ATP and NADPH Page 8 Urry 3rd edition Campbell Biology in Focus Ch 8 Photosynthesis CONCEPT LIGHT REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS Steps of the Light Reactions