Recall the Basic Units of Measurement meter m liter L gram g molarity M Match basic Units to What they Measure meter m length width height liter L volume gram g mass molarity M concentration Define Submultiple and Multiple as they Relate to the Metric System Submultiple divisions smaller than the base unit EX cm mili submultiple 1000x smaller than the base unit micro submultiple 1 million times smaller than the base centi submultiple 100x smaller than the base unit Multiple divisions larger than the base unit EX km kilo multiple 1000x larger than the base unit Convert Between Multiples and Submultiples Examples 3 kg 3000 g 22 cm 0 22 m 33 mm 0 333 m 567 uL 0 567 mL Recall the Parts of the Microscope Power Switch turns the microscope on off Rheostat light intensity adjustment dim or brighten light Ocular Lens eyepiece lenses that the user looks through to view the specimen ocular lenses usually contribute to the total magnification of the microscope and can be adjusted to increase or decrease the distance between them one ocular usually also has an adjustable ring on it called a diopter Objective Lenses switchable lenses that allow the user to switch between different levels of magnification Nose Piece rotating platform where the objective lenses attach to the body of the microscope Stage large platform near the center of the microscope body the slide specimen rests on the stage Stage Controls long rod hanging down from the stage which consists of two knobs one knob will move the stage along the x axis left to right and the other knob will move the stage along the y axis front to back Coarse Focus large knob that controls the up down movement of the stage focus under lower magnification lenses Fine Focus smaller knob usually inset on the coarse focus knob sharp focus Condenser a set of lenses underneath the stage that can adjust how the light hits the specimen Diaphragm used to change how much light is reaching the specimen Describe the Concept of Working Distance Distance between the surface of the slide and the objective lens when the slide is in focus larger when using low magnification lenses and smaller when using high magnification lens Calculate Total Magnification and Field Diameter Total Magnification multiply the ocular lens magnification by the objective lens magnification Field Diameter size of your entire field of view when looking through the oculars of a microscope as magnification increases field diameter decreases Known Mag Known Field Diameter New Mag New Field Diameter Lab 2 calculations Total magnification and Field of view Describe How to Use a Microscope to Focus on Microscope Slides The microscopes you will use in this course have three objective lenses 4x 10x and 40x It is easiest to initially focus a microscope using the 4x low magnification lens To do so 1 Use the coarse focus to move the stage to the lowest position 2 Using the nose piece rotate the low magnification objective lens over the stage 3 Place your slide on the stage and look through the oculars 4 Using the coarse focus knob bring the stage all the way up IMPORTANT You must be sure that the lowest magnification lens is over the stage when performing the above steps The higher magnification lenses have longer length and will contact the surface of the slide This could potentially break the slide or damage the lens 5 Slowly bring the stage down until the slide comes into focus 6 Refine the focus using the fine focus knob and use the stage controls to center the specimen in the field of view Adjust the oculars if necessary To switch from low magnification to higher magnification a Use the revolving nosepiece to rotate to the next objective lens It is not advisable to skip over the medium magnification objective lens to go straight to high magnification It is much easier to maintain focus using all the available objective lenses b You should be able to regain sharp focus using the fine focus knob only c Center the specimen in the field of view d Rotate the nosepiece and switch to the next higher magnification objective lens e Adjust only the fine focus knob to bring the slide back into sharp focus Trying to use the coarse focus under high magnification especially using the 40x objective lens is not advisable The working distance is very small and the coarse focus will move the stage much too quickly You are much more likely to damage the microscope or slide using the coarse focus at this point 7 Repeat the previous two steps to switch to higher magnification objective lenses Create Scientific Illustrations of Microscope Slides with Sufficient Detail and Labels Anything you draw should be proportional to the size of the circle field of view Label your drawings with the total magnification Write down the identity of the specimen being looked at Label the structures Make all structures two dimensional to some extent Define Solution Solute Solvent and Molarity Solution liquids in which one or more substances are completely dissolved Solute substance s being dissolved Solvent liquid medium doing the dissolving Molarity molar concentration in a solution refers to the number of moles of solute present in 1 liter of solution Demonstrate Proper Use of Dimensional Analysis Calculate How to Make Molar Solutions Molarity Chemistry Tutorial 1 mol KOH 1 L 56 11 g KOH 1 mol KOH 50 mL 1 L 1000 mL 28 055 g KOH Measure Mass Using a Balance 1 Plug in and power on the digital scale 2 Clear the weight pan of any debris and zero the balance The ZERO button is used to calibrate the weight pan when nothing is on it 3 Place the small beaker labeled liquids on the weighing pan Record the mass of the beaker in 4 Tare the balance to cancel out the mass of the weighing vessel Record the mass now being Table 1 displayed by the scale The TARE button is used during normal operation like when you are weighing out chemicals to subtract the mass of an object on the weigh pan 5 Remove the beaker from the scale Record the mass being displayed 6 Place the beaker back on the scale Tare again if necessary 7 Use a transfer pipette to add 10 drops of water to the beaker Record the mass of the 10 drops 8 Next you are going to weigh a second set of 10 drops of water You do not need to empty the water out of the beaker to do this All you need to do is tare the balance to subtract the weight of the water already on the scale After you tare the balance use the transfer pipette to add 10 more drops of water to the beaker Record the mass of