Extracellular matrix Ecm polysaccharides protions other types ofmolecules plants middle lamella getline substance made or pearsare Water storage 10 primay Cell wall cellulose strong 8chain ofglucose 20 10 cell wall secondary stronger thicker Cellulose to lingin Sodona than 10 cell wall more ruid less firid more firid Less Guid more 10w high Which graph shows phospholipid fattyacid taillength I shorter fails are more frid because ofwonder walls forces shorter longer Which graph shows the number of double bonds less shorter conser Tast 2 10 Chapter Animal scr carbohydrates protiens e g collagen I I fibril triple nesit I Fiber connective tissue lots ofSam extra cellular matrix e g bones tendons cartilage dermis Epithelial tissue epidermis linings of the intestines and blood vessels Cellular suctions cell to cell cell to econ 0Adherens suctions 8hee Desmosomes cadherens intermediatefilaments Hemidesmosomes add intermediatefilaments ob intergrins XXXX com mitosis M 6 1 Gettingfor division Foneresis when ceadyhysically splits into two aY S cell division dna gets replicated DNA was replicated correctly checking to make sure Go Non dividing state prokaryotes binary fission Da Na DNA is copied in both directions Eunaryotes cell cycle interphase G 5 41 m pnase mitosis cytokinesis Humans 46 chromosomes 23 pairs Diploid 2 sets of chromosomes 2n 2 23 416 most cells are diploid Sperm cans are haploid In Homologus Chromosomes homologs Chromosomes thatcarry the same genes may have differentalleles i e versions of the gerel Mitosis 1cell 2 indentical daughter cells No change in ploidy e g 2n 2n Phases prophase Metaphase 2 anaphase PMAT tlaphase Prophase Kinetochore X microtubules vinetes bind to kinginusmutee Dna condenses into microtubules bird to chromosomes mitotic chromosomes Sister chromatids Join at centromere Nuclear envelope breams down formation ofspindle apparatus Metaphase Chromosomes at metaphase plat line up Anaphase sister chromatids toseparate Iare pulled to opposite poles Nuclear envelope reform each pole dna decondenses Telaphase Cytokinesis Cleavage frow C So Geavage contracts 2 indentical daughter cells plants Cytokinesis s Plasmodesmata microtubules form the phragmoplast Germ cells undergo meiosis to form gametes n n on I n I n nonidentical daughter cens differentiate into gametes meiosis I I meiosis I meiosis 2 zu Meiosis I prophase I S Spindre apparatus forms Nuclear envelope breaks down Sister chromatids Join at the centromere Synapsis occurs Homologs Join crossing over may occur Source of genetic recombination microtubules attach to kinetochores S Metaphase I Anaphase I X Homologs line up at Homologs separate metaphase plate orientation of homologs is random source of genetic recombination Telepnase I cytoniress E 8 Nuclear envelope forms Drra decondenses Cleavage furrow forms N 2 non identical daughter cells Haploid Meiosis prophase II X I metaphase X x X 2 Nuclear envelopes breakdown Sister chromatids Join microtubules attach to kinetochores Sister chromatids line up metaphase plate phase l Sister chromatids separate Nuclear envelope forms dna decondenses Cytokinesis II o a identical daughter cells all haploid n Differentiateinto gametes Cell cycle regulation cyclin dependentKinaser CDK phosphorate add a phosphate groups to proteins involved in the cell cycle m G2 Gl cyclin activated DKs S Dineor gain Em Time G cycin CDU complex Promoter expression of histone proteins gene expression DNAto RNAto protein 2 S cycin CDK complex promoter promoter expression of proteins needed for Ara replication expression of proteins needed to prevent re replication or DNA 3 m cyclin CDK complex promoter expression of proteins needed for mitosis meiosis cell cycle checupoint N G2 G15 A m S 61 is the DNA damaged is the enviornment favorable E 9 PS3 protein found in nucleus if DNA is away p53 will be exported out the nucleus and broken down if Dra is damaged Kinaser phosphorylate D53