AI Ethics and Society Introduction China s social credit system keeps a critical eye on everyday behavior https www youtube com watch v Onm6Sb3Pb2Y China s Social Credit System What is Big Data increasingly used to describe Big data is the term the process of applying serious computing power the latest in machine learning and artificial intelligence to seriously massive and often highly complex sets of information From Microsoft Blog The definition of big data Who cares It s what you re doing with it From Bill Franks Chief Analytics Officer Data Landscape As of 2019 there are 2 5 quintillion bytes of data created each day at our current pace Every Minute of the Day Snapchat users share 527 760 photos More than 120 professionals join LinkedIn videos Users watch 4 146 600 YouTube 456 000 tweets are sent on Twitter Instagram users post 46 740 photos Google now processes more than 40 000 searches EVERY second 3 5 billion searches per day For more information check out conversationprism com AI ML algorithms are being deployed by organizations to make decisions that impact us in direct ways filtering applicants for jobs admissions approving applicants for loans bank credit credit cards benefits predicting risk levels for insurance health user profiling for policing purposes and to predict risk of criminal recidivism identifying risk of developing mental health problems Why does this matter Goal How do we design algorithms that effectively deal with the large amounts of data that are used to train them while ensuring their outcomes aren t misused We will examine various AI ML techniques that can be used to counterbalance the potential abuse and misuse of learning from big data with a focus on the impacts of these technologies on society Data Science Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Deep Learning Big Data Note on Terminology https mc ai no machine learning is not just glorified statistics AI Ethics and Society Overview Google Analytics In Class Exercise How unique are you https aboutmyinfo org Birthdate Gender Zipcode Big data allows organizations to now target specific demographics This was not possible 20 years ago Big data also allows organizations to do a lot more than targeted advertising Why is this in my news feed So What s the Problem Humans are biased Garbage in Garbage out Wu Xiaolin and Xi Zhang Automated Inference on Criminality using Face Images We ve seen this before Physiognomy The practice of using people s outer appearance to infer inner character In physiognomy there is the belief that there are inferior types of people identifiable by their facial features and body measurements 1876 Using precise measurements that could be measured with instruments like calipers and craniographs Lombroso recorded physical traits he found indicative of a criminal sloping forehead ears of unusual size asymmetry of the face receding forehead strongly developed jaw strongly developed cheeks ORIGINS OF CRIMINOLOGY CESARE LOMBROSO AND THE FACE OF CRIME AI Unintended Consequences Face Recognition Applications A young female of Taiwanese decent blogged about her camera labelling her as blinking Rose 2010 An automated passport system was unable to detect that an Asian person had his eyes open Griffiths 2016 Google labeled black people as gorillas in its new photos application for iOS and Android Pulliam Moore 2015 Simonite 2018 Review AI Unintended Consequences Natural Language Processing NLP Applications In testing Alexa and Google s Home researchers found notable disparities in how people from different parts of the U S are understood Harwell 2018 Microsoft s neo Nazi sexbot was a great lesson for makers of AI assistants Metz 2018 Hornigold 2019 Gender bias identified in Google s speech recognition software Tatman 2016 Vincent 2018 Review AI Unintended Consequences Predictive Algorithms and Search Applications Entering three white teenagers on Google image search resulted mostly in images of happy people whereas the search phrase three black teenagers offered an array of mug shots Guarino 2016 Search results for doctors retrieved significantly more images of men whereas a search for nurses provided significantly more images of women Kay 2015 Amazon scraps secret AI recruiting tool that showed bias against women Dastin 2018 There s software used across the country to predict future criminals And it s biased against blacks Angwin 2016 Review AI Unintended Consequences Next Class Ethics vs Law AI Ethics and Society Ethics vs Law Right Ethics versus Law Wrong Law Is the system of rules of conduct established by the government of a society to Defines the legal rights and duties of the people and provides the means of maintain stability and justice enforcing these rights and duties Ethics defined as the set of moral principles that distinguish what is right from what is Moral Standards rules about the kinds of actions that are morally right or wrong wrong as well as the values placed on what is morally good or bad Laws carry sanctions of a governing authority ethics do not Ethics and Law The Relationship Between Ethics and Law A relationship exists between law and ethics In some instances law and ethics overlap related and what is supposed as unethical is also illegal In other situations they do not overlap In some cases what is supposed as unethical is still legal and in others what is illegal is perceived as ethical As a result ethics and law will sometimes conflict Law Ethics Overview of US Laws Civil governs nation or state manages relationships conflicts between organizational entities and people recorded in volumes of legal code available for review by the average citizen Criminal addresses violations harmful to society actively enforced by the state Private regulates relationships between individuals and organizations encompasses family law commercial law and labor law Public regulates structure administration of government agencies and relationships with citizens employees and other governments encompasses criminal administrative and constitutional law Types of Law US Centric There are a number of domains that are regulated by government which also extends to business practices involving marketing and advertising Purpose of regulations is to achieve certain publicly desired goals that the market may fail to realize i e protect the public Credit Equal Credit Opportunity Act Education Education Amendments of 1972 Civil Rights Act of 1964 Employment Civil Rights Act of 1964 Housing
View Full Document
Unlocking...