Abnormal Psych Outline Chapter 1 Abnormal behavior affected your daily function impair functioning How it differs from the average societal norms Tricky between cultures Disorders change with culture very political Emotional Distress Ex grieving is okay depending on circumstance Just because it s not the norm doesn t mean its pathological Psychological Disorder Atypical abnormal Maladaptive Behaviors experienced by greatest number of people is normal Behaviors that are atypical or rare are abnormal Poor criterion because some rare features e g genius are not considered Psychological problems causing distress and require treatment Considered to be harmful However some events that cause distress are not pathological e g grief Also some people with pathological disorders do not experience distress Dysfunctional Examples Symptoms cause impairment in daily functioning 1 phobias if they don t impair function not impairing 2 Asperger s impair only when in college because social aspect didn t need treatment until impair daily living 3 Charlie Sheen Behaviors manic unfocused too much emotion hyper energetic Delusions of grandeur part of narcissism Atypical ideas of winning Doesn t see himself as dysfunctional Dysfunctional in social context Is it truly dysfunctional From what perspective Has there been a change in functioning Mental illnesses 4 Iron Jaw Video Courage is often mistaken for insanity Atypical behavior starvation Maladaptive behavior putting herself under physical emotional distress Dysfunctional because in prison Not a mental illness conscious decision goal oriented Describes behavioral psychological or biological dysfunctions that are unexpected in their cultural context and associated with present distress and impairment in functioning or increased risk of suffering death pain or impairment Accepted Definition Scientific Vocabulary Prevalence Number of people displaying a disorder in the total population at any given time Number of new cases of a disorder appearing during a specific period Pattern of development and change of a disorder over time Incidence Course Onset Prognosis Acute vs gradual Age of onset Predicted future development of a disorder over time Current Statistics on Psychological Disorders Nearly half of us are impacted by mental illness at some point in our lives Kessler 26 of us will experience a psychological disorder in any given year Kessler Chiu et Berglund et al 2005 al 2005 Cultural Factors Many of the symptoms of disorders are common every day experiences IT DOES NOT ex suicide rates are different depending on culture Understand culture before diagnosing How at risk are you Genetics is important when diagnosing Societal effect stress of college Stigma changing Over diagnosing is a problem ADHD Caution MEAN YOU HAVE THE DISORDER Health Care Providers Clinical and Counseling Psychologists Clinical treat severely mentally ill Counsel educate only Psychologists can give therapy only Psychiatrists can prescribe meds need to go to med school Psychiatric Social Workers doesn t really do assessments Marriage and Family Therapists Licensed Mental Health Counselors Psychiatric Nurses treatment and care of the mentally ill History of Perspectives of Psychological Disorders now it s a different label biological instead of supernatural Supernatural Tradition Biological Tradition Psychological Tradition Community Mental Health Movement State Prisons Demonological Model Ex brain surgery OCD epilepsy depression Parkinson s Disease o Electric shock therapy o Trying to get rid of demons Trephination to let out evil spirits Neolithic Period Ancient Egypt scrapings from skull used to make potions Continued into the Renaissance Is it still used today Medieval Times Witchcraft Supernatural causes possession Exorcisms understanding abnormal behavior in a religious perspective Ex conversion disorder caused by psychological trauma Mass hysteria contagion effect of emotion 15th to 17th centuries started by Pope Innocent VIII who decreed that witches be executed Diagnostic Tests If you drowned you passed Salem Witch Trials 19 witches hanged in Gallows Hill in 1692 Giles Cory tortured to death Five including an infant died in prison Stress and Melancholy Go to happy places Insanity caused by mental emotional stress and was curable Sin of acedia sloth Treat with sleep rest and a happy environment Moon and Stars Where the word lunatic comes from Movements of the moon and stars affect psychological functioning Gravitational forces cause of mental disorders Hippocrates believed brain to be core of emotion intelligence wisdom and Lunatic Full Moon theory Astrology Ill Humor Mind and body connection Hippocrates and Galen consciousness Hysteria Wandering uterus Galen humoral theory Imbalance of humors create abnormal behavior Excess of phlegm Lethargic or sluggish Excess of black bile Melancholia depression Excess of blood Sanguine cheerful confident optimistic Excess of yellow bile bilious and choleric quick tempered Biological Models Development Connecting biology to mental illness Syphilis Discovered that advanced syphilis affecting the central nervous system can lead to behavioral and cognitive changes William Griesinger argued abnormal behavior was from diseases in the brain Emil Kraepelin likened mental disorders to physical diseases Dementia praecox schizophrenia Caused by biochemical imbalance Manic depressive psychosis bipolar disorder Caused by abnormal body metabolism John Grey Psychiatrist that believed causes of insanity were biological Mentally ill should be treated as physically ill Resulted in improved conditions of hospitals Alzheimer s disease Development of Biological Treatments Biological model treatments Insulin Shock Therapy make body seize to shock the system Water Therapy Lobotomies cut a hole in skull scramble frontal lobe took away personality to control behavior Electric Shock Therapies Development of Psychopharmacological agents Neuroleptics Asylums Remove unpleasant from society Dehumanizing Why mental illness is so stigmatized Late 15th and early 16th centuries Chained to beds Public Spectacles The Psychological Tradition Moral Therapy Saw it as a disease Treat people humanely Dorothy Dix and Benjamin Rush Dix Boston school teacher No specific treatments primarily for confinement Jean Baptiste Pussin and Philippe Pinel La Bicetre Advocated for those in asylums and jails regarding the horrible conditions Resulted in 32 mental hospitals devoted to