Diabetes Blood Glucose Values 1 Normal Fasting 2 Elevated 3 Hyperglycemia 4 Hypoglycemia 5 HbA1C Diabetes Care 31 S55 S60 2008 Types of Diabetes 1 Diabetes Mellitus type 1 2 Diabetes Mellitus type 2 3 Gestational Diabetes 1 Type I Diabetes A Causes a Autoimmune or viral damage to cells b Low insulin production B Symptoms a Typically associated with diagnosis C Long term complications D Treatment 1 Insulin 2 Diet 3 Goal stable blood glucose levels Type 2 Diabetes A Causes 1 insulin resistance B Symptoms and long term complications 2 C Treatment 1 weight loss 2 exercise Symptoms of uncontrolled diabetes High blood glucose levels associated with dislipidemia Neuropathy Decreased blood flow Decreased nerve signaling decreased feeling in hands feet GI tract 3 Retinopathy New capillaries form to compensate for decreased blood flow and increased O2 New capillaries are fragile Prone to bleeding Microaneuyrisms Macular Edema Nephropathy Decreased kidney functioning Eventually leads to kidney failure Dialysis Types of dialysis a Hemodialysis 1 AV fistula 2 graft 3 catheter b Peritoneal 4 Diet Diabetes and Dialysis 1 Diabetes 2 Dialysis a fluids Gestational Diabetes abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy Excessive weight gain during pregnancy and obese women pre pregnancy have higher incidence of gestational diabetes Gestational diabetes increases the risk of macrosomia NICU stays 5 Hypoglycemia Can occur in diabetics and non diabetics Symptoms irritability headache sweating unconsciousness coma dizziness shakiness confusion seizures Causes of hypoglycemia in Diabetics more insulin or medication than food Prevention match insulin medications with meals Treatment 15 15 rule 6
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