Humanities 101 Study Guide Beowulf location Geatland characters Beowulf 1st he kills Grendel 2nd he kills Grendel s mother 3rd he kills a dragon in his old age this shows his selfishness because he is not considering the fate of his people once he dies Grendel villain we never get a sense of what he looks like descendent of King Abel kills Aeschere comparison to Cain killing Abel God favored Abel so Cain killed him jealous and bothered by the happiness and celebrations at the Heorot he was born a descendent of Cain and is now doomed to a life of misery and loneliness Ecgtheow Father Unferth son of Ecglaf jealous of Beowulf and his greatness tries to put Beowulf down by mentioning the swimming match against Breca Unferth crouches at the feet that Hrothgar this implies that he is animalistic territorial relative of Hrothgar killed his family in competition with Beowulf sneaky and deviant what separates Unferth from Grendel Hrothgar King Dane of Geatland Wife Wealhtheow Hildeburh Dane and Finn Jute they get married to make peace the whole family dies this shows that there is an inevitable presence of monsters The book alternates between christian and pagan values Sir Gawain and the Green Knight characters Lord Bersilack Lady Bersilack is compared to Guinivere but she is more beautiful she has an evil side whioch allows her more mobility in the poem she acts agressively towards Gawain Gawain is the King s nephew the conflict is that Gawain is forced to decided whether he should be celibate or loyal to the King Gawain is humble and continues to wear the green girdle in order to remind himself to make good decisions everyone in the court wears green girdles to show that they are accountable for their own actions criticizes romance tradition even as it is a courtly romance King Arthur s half sister the old lady of the story makes this whole Green Knight up because she is jealous of Guinivere s beauty she wanted to scare her to death Sir Gawain blames women for being mischievous pg 1668 alliterative revival poems in late medieval period that imitate germanic form of literative meter 5 characteristics of courtly romance generosity brotherly love courtesy chastity and compassion the pentangle represents christian virtues this literature is a form of vernacular writing juxtaposition an act or instance of placing close together or side by side esp for comparison or contrast Petrarch Wyatt and Surrey Petrarchan Sonnets 14 lines divided into 8 lanes octave and 6 lines sestet volta a turn at the beginning of the 6 lines usually signaled by the words but yet petrarch was a humanist a scholar and a priest perfected the sonnet form in his rhyme sparse scattered rhymes poems were in vernacular Italian not Latin poetry collection was about his unrequited love for Laura most widely imitated poetry in history Rima 1 the octave shows that he wants to get pity for his youthful errors sestet shows that he now sees page 1868 sonnet 1 that his poems are a tail for common gossip however his shame also serves as an advertisement for his poetry Petrarchan Conventions hyperbole an exaggeration oxymoron ironic conceit elaborate metaphor that lasts throughout the poem apostraphe talking to someone who isn t there example O Laura why are you so cruel O Sun why are you so hot Trochee stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable iamb a word with an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable foot the smallest unit of stressed and unstressed syllables anapest two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable dactyl one stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables accentual syllabic iambic pentameter pattern of stresses and syllables Blazons a top to toe description Sprezzatura courtiers should make different things look easy denizened wit pushing to get across a topic they are not familiar with neoplatonic ladder the idea that outward beauty leads to spirtitual perfection laura s physical beauty translate to physical being Petrarch wants to be in control of his love but he cannot have Laura Sonnet Packet Wyatt the Long Love love is so apparent that it is written all over his face there are 3 characters the speaker the girl and love she says to him to get a hold of his self and she is annoyed that love is always making him blush the warrior guy is putting love upon him it is out of his hands and not his character the warrior is sad because he is shot down by the girl the last statement does not seem self justified because he is really hurt page 9 Sonnet 15 in a way he is mocking the writers and saying that their rhymes are insignificant do not mean anything just alliteration the dictionary method is just a thesuarus and the sonnet is using unnatural words pushing too hard to prove a point that the poets are not familiar with page 8 sonnet 9 Stella is being compared to a castle or big building in a court she has very fair skin like allibaster the roof is gold like her hair her lips are red and graceful words come out of her mouth there is nothing as good as her she really touches Astrophil and captures him with her eyes page 11 Sonnet 1 she is having a dream and she is envisioning a chariot she gets cupid s flaming heart in exchange for her heart and in turn will soon be in love with someone she gets hurt and now must deal with the consequences Early Modern Period Renaissance humanism the intellectual movement that taught christianity with classical texts Wyatt and Surrey courtiers in Henry VIII s court first to introduce the sonnet form in england poems set the oncept of unrequitred love within the politics of Henry s court Elizabethan Sonnets writing sonnet sequences became a craze Renaissance Early Modern Period Art Terms Sfumato Da Vinci a shading technique in which outlines are slightly blurred fresco a fresh layer of wet plaster applied to wall surface water is mizxed with paint so it fuses to the wall Don Quixote characteristics lives in fantasy world wild imagination happy go lucky obsessed with chivalrous books egotistical nature feel bad for him because he s 50 years old and attacking windmills He thinks everything hes doing is real Makes excuses for foolish actions childish nature of Don pg 1992 last paragraph the first thing seems as something a child would do Sees potential in damaged objects and tries to fix them even though they repair took him two weeks to make this the helmet visor in traditional romance story there is a strong chivalrous knight in comparison to