Midterm Notes 10 15 2014 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills Helps organizations attract and keep high performing employees What Managers Do Manager individual who achieves goals through other people Organization a consciously coordinated social unit composed of two or more people that functions on a relatively continuous basics to achieve a common goal or set of goals Management Functions o Planning process that includes defining goals establishing strategy and developing plans to coordinate activities Increases the most as managers move from lower level to mid level management o Organizing determining what tasks are to be done who is to do them how the tasks are to be grouped who reports to whom and where decisions are to be made o Leading function that includes motivating employees directing others selecting the most effective communication channels and resolving conflicts o Controlling monitoring activities to ensure they are being accomplished as planned and correcting any significant deviations Management Roles o Highly interrelated o Interpersonal Roles Figurehead role all managers are required to perform duties that are ceremonial and symbolic in nature Leadership role includes hiring training motivating and disciplining employees Liaison role contacting others who provide the manager with information o Informational Roles Monitor role all managers collect information from outside organizations and institutions typically by scanning the news media and talking with other people to learn of changes in the public s tastes what competitors are planning and the like Disseminator role managers act as a conduit to transmit information to organizational members Spokesperson role managers represent the organization to outsiders o Decisional Roles Entrepreneur role managers initiate and oversee new projects that will improve their organization s performance Disturbance Handlers managers take corrective action in response to unforeseen problems Resource Allocators managers are responsible for allocating human physical and monetary resources Negotiator role they discuss issues and bargain with other units to gain advantages for their own unit Management Skills or expertise o Technical Skills the ability to apply specialized knowledge o Human Skills the ability to work with understand and motivate other people both individually and in groups o Conceptual Skills the mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations Effective vs Successful Managerial Activities o Four managerial activities 1 Traditional Management decision making planning and controlling 2 Communication exchanging routine information and processing paperwork 3 Human Resource Management motivating disciplining managing conflict staffing and training 4 Networking socializing politicking and interacting with others their organization o Successful defined in terms of speed of promotion within o Effective defined in terms of quantity and quality of their performance and the satisfaction and commitment of employees Organizational Behavior Organizational Behavior OB field of study that investigates the impact that individuals groups and structure have on behavior within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization s effectiveness OB includes core topics o Motivation o Leader behavior and power o Interpersonal communication o Group structure and processes o Attitude development and perception o Change processes o Conflict and negotiation o Work design Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study Systematic Study looking at relationships attempting to attribute causes and effects and drawing conclusions based on scientific evidence Evidence Based Management EBM the basing of managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence Intuition a gut feeling not necessarily supported by research Big Data o Data driven management and decision making o In deals with people leaders often rely on hunches and estimate the influence of information that they ve heard most recently that has been frequently repeated or that is of personal relevance Psychology seeks to measure explain and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals Social Psychology area of psychology that blends concepts from psychology and sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one another o One major study area is how to implement change and how to reduce barriers to its acceptance Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field Sociology the study of people in relation to their social environment or culture Anthropology the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities Challenges and Opportunities for OB Increasing Competition Globalization Workforce Diversity Need for Flexibility Adaptivity Developing an OB Model Model an abstraction of reality simplified representation of some real world phenomenon Inputs variables that lead to processes Processes actions that individuals groups and organizations engage in as a result of inputs and that lead to certain outcomes Outcomes key factors that are affected by some other variables Attitudes evaluations employees make about objects people or events Stress an unpleasant psychological process that occurs in response to environmental pressures Task performance the combination of effectiveness and efficiency at doing your core job tasks Citizenship behavior discretionary behavior that contributes to the psychological and social environment of the workplace Withdrawal behavior the set of actions employees take to separate themselves from the organization Group cohesion the extent to which members of a group support and validate one another while at work Group functioning the quantity and quality of a group s output Productivity the combination of the effectiveness and efficiency of an organization Effectiveness the degree to which an organization meets the needs of its clientele or customers Efficiency the degree to which an organization can achieve its ends at a low cost Organizational survival the degree to which an organization is able to exist and grow over the long term 10 15 2014 Chapter 2 Diversity 50 years Diversity in the US workforce has increased significantly in the last o Women are much more likely to be employed and earn wages comparable to those of men o The earnings gap between whites and other racial ethnic groups has decreased o Differences between whites and Asians have disappeared o Workers over the
View Full Document
Unlocking...