MUET210 Final Exam Study Guide Know how Sub Saharan music traditions apply to Cuban music afro cuban ensemble he could play an excerpt from afro cuban drumming and describe what you re hearing and what elements of sub Saharan music apply to Cuban music call and response core and elaboration when one phrase is played and each subsequent phrase is a variation on the first seen in use of bata drums lower pitched drum is the elaboration other two higher pitched drums are the core interlocking ostinato polyrhythmic Two types of Afro Cuban music Sacred music in the santeria ceremony Secular dance music rumba ANYBODY KNOW THE DIFFERENT INSTRUMENTATION BETWEEN SANTERIA AND SECULAR DANCE MUSIC clave and conga in rumba canto section montuno section in rumba part of it is the drums are blessed in the religious music but they re not blessed in the folklorized genre Four main focuses of Cuban music Nueva trova Cuban hip hop Santeria folkloric and religious Cuban reggaeton Differences Between Cuban hip hop and U S mainstream hip hop Cuban hip hop and Cuban reggaeton Nueva trova and Cuban hip hop Folkloric santeria Religious santeria Salsa Dura vs Salsa Romantica Sub Saharan music to Afro Cuban music General Cuban history Why does Afro Cuban music sound more African than African American Cuban slaves could buy freedom manumission Cuban slaves could set up Cabildos societies of freed slaves these free societies allowed them to practice their religion and music in peace so they didn t lose their culture like the slaves in the US did Slave trade lasted longer in Cuba than US Cuba had catholic mission strategy catholics encouraged syncretic 1 combining religious practices US had protestant outright banned all African religious practices 1898 Spanish American War US gained control of Cuba Platt Amendment 1901 US added amendment to the Cuban Constitution which gave the US the right to intervene in Cuban politics whenever US changed its foreign policy from isolationism to imperialism US gov t involved in Cuban politics puppet government US wants to secure natural resources Havana a tourist destination Need arises to create a Cuban cultural identity to unite the Africans 1920s Whites and Mulattos Prohibition in US many US gangsters bought property and such in Cuba to further their alcohol trafficking market for tourists began Havana developed as Capital City of Cuba increases demand for live music performance Cuban music begins to be marketed internationally this instills a sense of Cuban pride Son becomes national symbol 1920s Brought together races through different styles afro cuban and european specifically Brought together generations w modern and traditional influences variety of instruments drawing from multiple cultures trumpet international US influence from jazz marimbula African like mbira guitar and tres spanish jug spanish olive oil jugs eventually replaced by bongos afro cuban clave afro cuban maracas spanish Montuno feature Call and Response African Afro Cuban 2 parts to the songs Repetiton european style son section Largo Son Strophic Song vocal call response section over harmonic ostinato cuban african style Montuno eventually included Jazz influences from US In the 1940s Jazz influences were added Mambo style resulted which includes Interlocking of Jazz trumpets trombones and saxophones 2 Reached peak in NYC in 1950 s Arsenio Rodriguez was part of this movement as he began to record in NY basic template for modern day salsa 1940s 1950s Greater number of brass instruments Composers are writing the parts Added congo drums not just bongos like before Very proud of their african heritage santeria references Arsenio Rodriguez Military leader Fulgencio Batista stages U S sponsored coup in 1952 outrages Cubans and results in civil war 1959 Cuban Revolution Fidel Castro overthrows Batista and the current government Che Guevara is an influential leader that assisted Castro in many different forms Guevara is from Argentina extreme idealist and marxist and died young in 1967 trying to spread a revolution in Bolivia through Central America Guevara is made into a martyr because he died fighting for the people Fidel Castro overthrew the Batista president because there was a lot of racism prior to revolution Attempt to minimize class differences Nationalized economy government control of private businesses and entities Eliminated discrimination Socialist Government run by Communist party Upper class cubans left the country because they are negatively affected by these changes some went to Florida Upsets the U S because this economic change affects us because we sort of owned part of their economy and because we had animosity towards Communism Cold War Cuba puts a lot of money into the arts 1989 Fall of Soviet Union Special Era in a time of Crisis Return of tourist areas division of social classes prostitution discrimination Negative things that disappeared because of revolution returned out of need for money Don t play the clave anymore it is internalized 3 Similarities and Differences Cuban Hip Hop vs American Hip Hop Similarities DIfferences developed in areas of poverty in response to hardships close to areas of wealth Bronx and Havana Messages highlighted the Musicians primarily of African descent inequalities in racial treatment and class differences Freedoms of US are greater in their lyrical content Greater disparities in salaries of U S Rap artists US hip hop is for dancing Cuban hip hop is political Modern US Hip hop is about materialism cuban hip hop is government supported cuban more socially conscious and can be performed at family events US hip hop has crude lyrics more about violence Cuban has no lyrics on violence Female rappers more prominent in Cuban hiphop US hiphop developed in Ghettos of major cities Cuban hiphop developed in impoverished barrios neighborhoods Salaries Cuban gov t regulated US market oriented Cuban hip hop vs Cuban reggaeton Similarities 1 Both sponsored by government because popular with tourists brings in money 2 Young people make the music 4 Differences o Che Guevara 1 Reggaeton similar to U S mainstream which promotes materialism and has stylistic dance unlike Cuban hip hop 2 Cuban hip hop ideologies consistent instead of consistent I would say that certain values were similar not all with U S government I thought cuban hip hop was consistent with socialist ideology Good question because certainly this type of hip hop had ideologies that fought against