Law general statement describing some aspect of natural world and how it behaves Important Terms often misused Fact a well confirmed observation Lots of independent evidence Unlikely to be overturned NOT proof or truth NOT known to vary Example gravity Hypothesis possible tentative explanation of observations May be weakly supported well supported or not supported Theory very well supported explanation Relies on facts laws hypotheses Supported by lots of observations Supported by multiple lines of independent evidence Facts and Laws require explanations Hypotheses and Theories provide explanations Biology Living The science of living things life o Made up of one or more cells o All use Energy Can make their own autotrophs Take energy from others heterotrophs o Maintain homeostasis Consistent internal conditions o Ability to reproduce Asexual VS sexual Grow and develop o Respond to environment External and internal stimuli o Possess life cycle o Adapt evolve relative to their environment Atoms Cells Tissues Organs Organ System Organism Population Species Community Ecosystem Biosphere Short and long timescale o Respiration maintains metabolism o Highly ordered but complex Hierarchy to life Evolution Change over time Within biology evolution has a dual nature 1 Can be fact a Observation data of change over time in living organisms b Well confirmed c Living things change over time 2 Can be theory a Change of living things over time over a long time has generated the diversity of life we see around us today First mechanism natural selection was not published until 1859 when Darwin published Origin of the Species Darwin Wallace theory of evolution by natural selection o Alfred Russel Wallace Where did Darwin s ideas come from o 5 year voyage on the HMS Beagle 1831 1836 o Pivotal events on voyage Realized Earth was much older than he thought Principle of Geology by Charles Lyell Recognized that there was enough time for natural selection to occur Fossils resembled currently living species Recognized the potential for shared ancestry relatedness Similar species varied from place to place in ways that suited their environment Could mean that organisms changed from common ancestor Could mean that organisms were affected by the same environment Example Finches Darwin after Beagle voyage they re not identical o One major conclusion was that even though organisms of same species look similar Slight variations in morphology characteristics features of all creatures o 4 Postulates ideas that Darwin used to lay out evolution by natural selection Postulate 1 Individuals within a species are variable Variation may have no impact on organism could be beneficial to organism could be a hindrance But sometimes variation results in an individual having an advantage which can lead to increased survival and or reproduction
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