Physics 102 Atoms to Galaxies Introduction to Physics Basic Information to Understand for the Course Topics Science Technology Pseudoscience Tools Power of Ten and Atoms Science A method process Material evidence A cyclic reexamination of the world ongoing Most Technology Not necessarily scientific Application of science Science Vs Pseudoscience Science is testable and falsifiable Science is open to the possibility of being disproved Pseudoscience tends to be impossible to disprove Science has well established fact theories observations the can be rediscovered Rarely ever new developments in pseudoscience Tools and Techniques Used in Astronomy Metric System Mathematics Telescopes Mythology Logical Explanations Observations Spacecraft satellite Camera images Computer images Computers Mathematical Models Light Powers of Ten allow us to compare relative sizes of objects in universe known universe spans 40 powers 10 15 meters size of proton 1025 meters size of observable universe Physics 102 Atoms to Galaxies Atoms Smallest division of matter Makes up chemical properties How to retain property Cut matter to reach smallest piece the atom Properties remain the same and stops at the atom Break atom and matter no longer behaves as it did before All matter is made from atoms Atoms of different types make up different elements in periodic table 92 naturally occurring All atoms made up of different parts o Protons o Neutrons o Electrons Example hydrogen has one proton and one electron going around it helium two neutrons two protons two electrons Protons and neutron found in nucleus Electrons move around nucleus vary by distance Number of neutrons determines the isotope Number of protons determine chemical property Most important element in study of astronomy hydrogen abundance 90 atoms in universe simple basic Second most important element in study of astronomy helium second easiest to make 9 atoms in universe Every other atom in universe is the 1 Universe hydrogen and Helium Bohr Model Atoms are organized by levels of energy Arrangement is different for each element calling levels quantized Electron can change energy by giving or absorbing a photon of light energy Atoms are not like mini solar systems Orbits are not restricted Restriction where electrons can be Electrons cannot exist in places other than the allowed energy level When electron transitions it occurs instantaneously Quantum mechanics describes this behavior