Midterm Study Guide SHORT ANSWER 5 Questions at 10 points each Defines the term 4 points Identifies the decades associated with the term 1 point Provides a few details of his her its contribution to performance or theatre history if it s an historical term or discusses how it reflects what was going on in society if it s a theatrical term 5 points 1 Lee Strasberg Developed The Method o 1901 1982 o Found group theatre In 1931 with Harold Clurman and Cheryl Crawford develop a cohesive system of actor training American acting technique o Adapted Stanislavsi s techniques primarily sense memory Focused mainly on affective sense memory and improvisation Actors rehearse w o script and focused on subtext o Trained Al Pacino Robert DeNiro Dustin Hoffman Shelley Winters o Criticism Method only focused on realism and kitchen sink dramas The Group Theatre First American company fully trained to perform as an ensemble Stella Adler Founding Member Paul Green 2 Works Progress Administration WPA Effort to help get Americans out of Depression New Deal under FDR Harry L Hopkins head of WPA Relief measure established in 1935 1943 Work program for the unemployed Used federal funds to employ Americans Built 651 087 miles of highways roads and streets Constructed or repaired 124 031 bridges Preserve skills and self respect of the people Wages under the program ranged from 15 to 90 dollars per month 11 billion put 8 5 million people to work during 1935 1943 Federal Arts Project federal writers project federal theater project WPA employed thousands of artists writers and actors 3 Miscegenation Miscegenation is generally defined as an intimate sexual relationship between individuals of different races In practice however it has mostly referred to relationships between whites and people of color B c of its pejorative connotation the word is not generally used today to refer to interracial relationships US Law 1691 1967 2000 Alabama Most famous case The Lovings 4 Johnson Reed Act 1924 After WWI Great immigration and increased population Starts to put a cap on the number of immigrants that can come into the country Chinese exclusion act of 1882 Quota system based on prior immigration flow 1890 s Immigration regulation to restriction 5 Sherman Anti Trust Act 1890 Sherman Antitrust Act Concern for producers Doesn t make all monopolies illegal just certain ones Teddy Roosevelt Trustbuster 6 Frederick Jackson Turner Frederick Jackson Turner s The Significance of the Frontier in American history 1893 World s Columbian Expo in Chicago IL Previous idea America came from evolution of political philosophical traditions Turner s Idea America was made in the frontier expansionism Frontier closed Sea to shining sea New Frontiers need to be created for Americans to explore Domestic Immigrant Assimilation Workplace science Hygiene psychology eugenics education government regulation Abroad Imperialism Cuba Hawaii Guam Philippines 7 Earnest Thompson Seton Founder of the Woodcraft Indians Founding member of Boy Scouts of America Believed in the outdoors program focused on learning and developing through activities that prepare the boys for the modern world 8 W E B DuBois New Negro Perido 1926 Four Principles of A Real Negro Theater About us by us for us and near us Plays should be used for propaganda Theatre should be used to promote black culture Uses the black past to erase self hatred to inspire in the present and prepare for the future Theatre should be didactic and correct White histories inaccuracies about black life culture and history WEB Dubois NAACP Drama committee 1915 Publish plays in Crisis Magazine NAACP Contested minstrelsy and lynching Civil rights activist leader pan Africanist sociologist educator historian writer editor poet and scholar 1868 1963 Born Feb 23 1868 Great Barrington MA Died August 27 1963 Went to Harvard DuBois as an activist Founder and general secretary of the Niagra movement an African American protest group of scholars and professionals Founded and edited the Moon 1906 and the Horizon 1907 1910 as organs for the Niagra movement A member of the NAACPs board of directors and editor of the Crisis its monthly magazine Pan Africanism concerned with the conditions of people of African descent wherever they lived Organized a series of pan African congresses around the world in 1919 1921 1923 and 1927 The delegations comprised intellectuals from Africa the west indies and the US DuBois as a scholar Poet playwright novelist essayist sociologist historian and journalist Wrote 21 books edited 15 books and published over 100 essays and articles Wrote his entire life DuBois and double consciousness DuBois and black theatre 9 Ida B Wells Documented horrors of lynching in her newspaper and publications Organized women interracially to oppose lynching National council of women 1922 13 million women anti lynching crusade Women s loyal union The colored women s leagues of Washington dc The national federation of afro American women National association of colored women 10 Rose McClendon African American actress born in SC in 1884 Black leader of FTP Negro Units Founder and head of the Federal Negro Period Most famous negro unit Housed in Lafayette Theatre Aware of racial concerns White Directors 11 Shubert Organization This was until the rise of the Shubert brothers Samuel Shubert Lee Shubert J J Shubert Their tactic Control the actors death of the road Put actors in contracts to only perform in NY Not as much travelling Kills theatre in everywhere but NY Had a number of theatres in NY Agreed to pay actors to only perform in NY 12 Little Theatre Movement 20th Century Socially motivated theatre and the creation of the art house Melodrama Music leitmotif Stock characters hero villain Spectacle Violence Poetic justice resolved endings Moral polarity Represents contemporary topics Reify socially conservative Realism European Antecedents Writing style Nola Isben Strindberg Shaw Checkov Psychologically complex characters Open ambiguous endings Socially taboo topics prostitution disease incest adultery o Spaces and Staging Andre Antonins Theatre Libre Subscription system Experimental theatre box set American Realism The little theatre movement Stages and companies Provincetown Players Susan Glaspell and George Cram Cook Eugene O Neil American Shakespeare Washington Square Players Group theatre Patrons and Possibility Settlement houses Hull house Chicago Immigrant homes Department store owners Kaufmann s