Luminol Synthesizing luminol Luminol is an amid 04 02 2015 o Amides are derivatives of carboxylic acids o Start with parent carboxylic acid and a parent amine Do not happen under regular conditions Amines are bases so under acidic conditions the amine protonates and ammonia is not a nucleophile We could use derivatives like acyl halides o If you do not add the amine drop wise while on ice It reacts exothermically and blows up if you don t o Acyl halides have the same problem as last week go look it up time Amide bond that occurs all the time in nature o Peptide bond that eukaryotes and prokaryotes make all the How Uses tRNA We are going to take our carboxylic acid in the presence of hydrazine and some heat 230 very high o Reduce nitro group to corresponding amine using base and an oxidizing agent o You get a photon h nu chemiluminescent it glows in the dark Luminol used in crime scene investigations to detect blood Blood mimic potassium feri cyanide o The iron is the same as in blood o This is going to be the oxidizing agent Analysis Did it glow If it did then you ve made it Since we re using potassium then yes it can be used to detect blood He wants 100 yes on did it glow o So everyone is going to synthesize their own luminol o But before you do glow in the dark you will mix your product with a partner It was MY luminol in the mixture that allowed it to glow in the dark What happens that you get a photon Electrons energy and excitement Dablosky diagram Electrons usually exist in the ground normal energy state During the course of a reaction an electron can absorb energy and get excited o State depends on amount of energy absorbs In each state there are different vibrations Once it absorbs the max amount of energy it needs to get rid of the energy to go back to the ground state o How it gets rid of it Usually the electron gets rid of it with the vibrational energy heat Sometimes the energy goes from excited energy state and is released all at once and the electron goes back to the ground state When it releases all at once it s a photon This is fluresance Sometimes the electron goes from an excited singlet state to triplet state These states deal with the spin state pairing of electrons when they are spin paired 1 2 1 2 they are in the singlet state Moving to a triplet state Flips its spins This costs energy So excited triplet state is lower in energy than excited singlet state But its still in an excited state Usually in vibrational energy Sometimes spits it out all in once form of a photon Flo is faster flo is blue green phos is redder in color Optional ESR looks at spin state of electrons during the course of o Singlet to triplet Phosphorescence the reaction What does luminol do state When it absorbs its energy it immediately goes to an excited triplet o Does innersystem crossing to a non excited singlet state o And then goes back to ground state Technically fluorescence But there is a triplet state involved in the excited states Happens in nature with light bugs IN nature its called biolumensance not chemi because there is an enzyme involved Safety hotplate man 04 02 2015 04 02 2015