2 26 Biology Notes Plant Diversity continued Flowering Plants Angiosperms seed flowers and fruits Q What is the advantage to having fruit A Better dispersal of young Fungal Diversity Q How are fungi and animal similar A Both are heterotrophs What are fungi eukaryotic multicellular heterotrophic absorptive filaments Important Fungal Structures Hyphae Q How are fungi and animals different in their mode of nutrition A animals ingest nutrients while fungi absorb Q What makes up the structure of fungi A The body is made of mycelium which is and interwoven mass of hyphae Fungal bodies consist of slender threads Typically one cell layer thick Hyphae of most species are divided into many cells by partitions called septa each cell possesses one or more nuclei Mycelium A mass of hyphae The body of the fungus Reproductive structures and process Most fungal propagation is through spores Most fungi can reproduce both asexually and sexually Asexual reproduction Generally asexual reproduction occurs under stable conditions A haploid mycelium produces haploid asexual spores by mitosis Sexual reproduction Neighboring haploid mycelia come into contact with each other The two different hyphae fuse so that the nuclei share a common cell The different haploid nuclei fuse to form a diploid zygote The zygote undergoes meiosis to form haploid sexual spores Fungi are classified into five phyla Chytridiomycota chytrids Most are aquatic They are distinguished from other fungi by forming flagellated spores that require water for dispersal Zygomycota zygomycetes Most zygomycetes live in soil or on decaying plant or animal material During asexual reproduction Glomeromycota glomeromycetes sporangia Haploid spores are produced in black spore cases called Live in intimate contact with the roots of plants economically really important The interaction forms a beneficial relationship called a mycorrhiza Basidiomycota basidiomycetes They are called club fungi because they produce club shaped reproductive structures These fungi typically reproduce sexually Each fruiting body contains numerous club shaped structures called basidia Ascomycota Q Fungi can reproduce both asexually and sexually When of they reproduce sexually A Only when conditions are unfavorable or stressful Q What does the diameter of a fairy ring indicate A the age of the fungus
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