9 30 14 All force MUST BE LAWFUL REASONABLE JUSTIFIED Statutory Changes Department Policy Recruitment Changes Public anxiety of crime Strategies to lower use of deadly force by law enforcement Criminal Law does not appear to be an effective means of reducing the number of police shootings for three main reasons Prosecutors do not want to jeopardize their working relationships with the police Even in prosecutors were willing to prosecute officers juries remain unlikely to convict The use of force to detain a citizen governed by the Fourth Amendment The seizure must be reasonable Police Misconduct Research on police misconduct attempts to explain its occurrence Two of the most significant attempts at explanation are called Bad Apples refers to concept that the vast majority of citizen complaints against police officers are the result of the actions of a few bad apples officers whose actions were not consistent with the vast majority of the members of the department Police Culture suggests that police misconduct is the product of the informal rules that develop in police organizations Departments who operate with rules and regulations that promote responsibility and fairness are less likely to have their members act improperly 10 7 14 Police Brutality Police Corruption proven to be among the most resilient and enduring problems facing police agencies as well as society as a whole Police corruption can be controlled by capable executives who bring their management skills to bear on the problem through use of a variety of highly focused tactics and strategies that have been historically proven to be effective at reducing corruption and misconduct Police work provides officers with ample professional opportunities that can be exploited for personal gain Scope of professional corruption can be exceptionally broad Police officers are corrupt when in exercising or failing to exercise their authority they act with the primary intention of furthering private or departmental divisional advantage Rotten Apple asserts that officers own greed rather than the entire departments is responsible for the corruption Culture POV the corruption is the result of the individual s response to the social political organization and legal environment that shape the police culture and the police organization Compstat and Corruption Control system is modeled after the highly successful compstat management system ensures the cases are continually monitored and evaluated Insures quality of investigations 4 Principles of Crime Control Timely and accurate information Effective strategies and tactics Rapid deployment of personnel and resources Relentless follow up NYPD has faced many major corruption scandals during the last century 10 9 14 Internal Within organization External Outside organization Excessive Force is defined as that which exceeds the minimum amount needed to achieve an objective Research has found that the use of excessive force is a less common form of police misconduct such as verbal abuse or use of illegal methods of gathering evidence External Controls 1 The United States Supreme Court 2 Criminal Prosecution 3 Civil Litigation 4 Appealing for redress 5 Citizen Oversight Internal Controls excessive force None of the external controls offer a completely satisfactory remedy to the question of What is needed is a firm commitment from the highest level of the law enforcement organization in that conduct will not be tolerated Officers must be penalized for abusing the rights of citizen Internal control is more likely to be successful for a number of reasons 1 Personnel within the department do not have to establish their credibility 2 Being trained they are better in gathering necessary to resolve complaints 3 Both supervisors and line personnel are much more likely to cooperate in a police investigation than in one commanded by outsiders Three Recent Efforts to Control Police Misconduct 1 Police Civil Liberty Specialists 2 Early Warning Systems 3 Consent Decrees Conclusion As long as police have the authority to use force citizens complains will be inevitable It is crucial that these claims be investigated It was noted that department have the capacity to ensure officer compliance with legal requirements if the administration is inclined to exercise this authority 10 14 14 COMPSTAT Computer Statistics One of the most remarkable stories in law enforcement and criminal justice today is the tremendous reduction in crime achieved in New York City since 1993 The total number of crimes for the seven major crime categories declined an unprecedented 62 5 from 1993 levels UCR statistics show that crime has been falling in large cities across the nation over the past few years but NYC decline has been significantly greater in all crime categories than the national average Success can be accredited to the coordination and direction provided by the mayoral administration which used its influence over these agencies to facilitate enhanced interaction One of the major reasons that Compstat has functioned so well in reducing crime and increase quality of life is that it has enjoyed political support The NYPD s Mandate for Change Three significant events that did little to enhance public support for the police or in the Dinkins mayoral administration to manage the city of NY were 1 Crown Heights Riots of 1991 2 Washington Heights Riots of 1992 3 Mollen Commission Report on Police Corruption Compstat meetings and Compstat technology are management tools nothing more nothing less that are employed to great effectiveness within a radically new and potentially revolutionary management paradigm The Compstat paradigm presents police managers and executives with a new way of looking at police organizations and police activities Permit NYPD s executives to have an unprecedented level of in depth knowledge about specific crime and quality of life problems that occur in any specific area of responsibility These results in crime and quality of life trends and patterns being more easily discerned through discussions and connections between seemingly separate events and issues can be identified A host of other organizational structural and philosophical changes have been implemented in the NYPD to support its crime reduction and quality of life improvements possible Accountability and responsibility for achieving results is not just placed on managers by executives but by managers upon supervisors and to some extent by