UMD ARTH 201 - The 20th century: Modern and Postmodern Architecture, Neoplasticism

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The 20th century Modern and Postmodern Architecture Neoplasticism Industrial design minimize cost aesthetically strip down design to simplest forms 1917 De Stijl The Style or neoplasticism in the Netherlands painters architects furniture graphic design pure abstraction rooted in philosophical movement about unity with the universe limiting aesthetic system primary colors red yellow blue black white squares and rectangles avoid curves circles verticals and horizontals Frank Lloyd Wright Robie House Chicago 1907 1909 artist is progenitor of modern architecture prairie house verticals support windows low lying profile many horizontal lines that parallel ground horizon can have more windows with architectural advancement so more light in space structured around central core hearth building is a series of interconnected spaces blocks no discrete closed off rooms spaces flow into one another transem above door each one controls flow of air into room narrow few feet wide doors Frank Lloyd Wright Kaufmann House Bear Run Pennsylvania 1936 1939 relationship between nature and building color and proportion mimic the natural setting seems to grow out of ground with unusual regularity unlike nature which is wild abstracting nature in creating the design roughness of rock vs smoothness of concrete Le Corbusier Villa Savoye Poissy sur Seine France 1929 patron family asked for domestic house in country setting built on field outside of Paris machine habiter machine for living space house lifted by pilotis vertical columns large expanses of windows inspired by efficiency of ships in early 20th century crammed so much function in small form should follow function view from exterior reveals function and structural design windows flow continuously on 2nd level in a horizontal band cylindrical spiral staircase to save space exact kind found on ships sheltered and unsheltered space outdoor modular take the human body measurements for different sizes and calculate universal measurements of architectural members to fit all people regardless of size Gerrit Rietveld Schroder House Utrecht the Netherlands 1924 neoplasticism design rules balance in both 2D and 3D planes floating away from each other creating depth circle is a structural necessity concrete slabs partially cantilever Piet Mondrian Composition II in Red Blue and Yellow 1930 idea to get rid of all forms of nature reduce to basic elements based on theosophy vertical male horizontal female painting continues on sides of canvas artist made own frame to show this balanced composition change in widths to achieve balance Guggenheim Museum New York 1943 1959 museum design becomes architectural feat itself very efficient design vast space National Gallery of Art Washington D C 1937 angles based on the site make crystalline structure Philip Johnson Seagram Building New York 1958 skyscraper steel reinforced beams support concrete windows can be snapped on pilotis idea that less is more Philip Johnson Model of the AT T 1981 1984 postmodern restores ornament Michael Graves The Portland Building 1982 postmodern arbitrary changes of color and design Cantilever structure that projects outward from a vertical support


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UMD ARTH 201 - The 20th century: Modern and Postmodern Architecture, Neoplasticism

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