In this chapter you will learn what influenced visual art in Italy the conservation of previous cultures found within art and the mendicant orders from Florence and Siena You will also learn about the techniques used by artists of the 13th and 14th centuries and what cultures they were influenced by Visual Art in Italy What defines the visual arts in Italy The visual art that frequented Italy were murals mosaics and altarpieces that centered on the religious icon Where did Italian art draw its inspiration from Roman Greek Early Christian Byzantine and French Gothic styles were one of the main influences of Italian art How did the influence of Byzantine culture spread amongst Italian artists Through religious crusades between the Byzantine and Christians empires the Byzantine culture was able to spread amongst Italian artists Mendicant Orders What are the mendicant orders The mendicant orders are traditional monks that build churches within the city to help people who were living in poverty Who were the most important mendicant orders in Siena and Florence The Franciscans and the Dominicans were the most important mendicant orders in Siena and Florence Who founded the Franciscan Order Francis of Assisi founded the Franciscan Order in 1209 What was the Franciscan order about The Franciscans devoted their spiritual beliefs to nature and were committed to spreading spiritual growth amongst the people Who founded the Dominican Order Dominic de Guzman founded the Dominican Order in 1216 What was the Dominican order about The Dominicans saw great value in classical learning and because of this they sought to argue against heresy The Basilica of San Francisco Why was the Basilica of San Francesco built in Assisi The Basilica of St Francis was built in his home town to honor the death of Francis who died in 1226 and was later made into a saint How are the Franciscan order s beliefs demonstrated in the fresco St Francis Preaching to the Birds in the Basilica of San Francisco The painting demonstrates the Franciscans fondness of nature as St Francis preaches to a flock of birds The Pulpit What did churchmen of the Pisan baptistery commission for reading scripture during sermons The churchmen of the Pisan baptistery commissioned a pulpit for reading scripture during sermons Who sculpted the pulpit in the Pisan baptistery Nicola Pisano sculpted the pulpit in the Pisan baptistery Even though it is a Catholic church what ancient art influences Nicola s figure Fortitude in the pulpit Strong influences of Roman as well as Early Christian art can be seen in Nicola s figure Fortitude within the pulpit The Nativity What are the differences and similarities between the Nativity sculpted by Nicola Pisano and his son Giovanni Pisano Nicola s and Giovanni s nativities both feature the Annunciation with the Birth of Christ Both nativities are set in relief and both appear to have the same medium However Nicola s nativity is more condensed as it is influenced by Roman and Byzantine cultures Giovanni s nativity is more dramatic and dynamic as it is influenced by Gothic art The Madonna Enthroned Who painted the Madonna Enthroned in the church of Santa Trinitia in Florence Cimabue painted the Madonna Enthroned in the church of Santa Trinitia in Florence Who painted the Madonna Enthroned in the church of All Saints in Florence Giotto di Bondone painted the Madonna Enthroned in the church of All Saints in Florence What is the difference and similarity between Madonna Enthroned painted by Cimabue and Giotto Both paintings depict the Virgin Mary holding an infant Jesus however both images are drawn from different inspirations Influenced by Byzantine art Cimabue created this piece using gold linear lines and abstract patterns and figures However Giotto draws from more Gothic naturalism as perspective depth and height are enhanced through contrasts of light and dark and the sizes of figures Arena Chapel Who painted Christ Entering Jerusalem and The Lamentation in the Arena Chapel Giotto painted Christ Entering Jerusalem and The Lamentation in the Arena Chapel Besides his excels in light and space what other gift did Giotto possess Besides his excels in light and space Giotto had a gift for storytelling What technique did Giotto use to paint the Arena Chapel Giotto used the fresco technique to paint the Arena Chapel What is the narrative of Christ Entering Jerusalem and The Lamentation by Giotto The narrative of Christ Entering Jerusalem tells of Christ being welcomed into Jerusalem as he rides on a donkey The narrative of The Lamination depicts Mary holding the dead body of Christ as friends and angels surround the two Painting in Tuscany For what purpose did the Palazzo Pubblico serve The Palazzo Pubblico was a city government house and formed a public space The Palazzo Pubblico commissioned which Sienese artist to paint an altarpiece called the Maesta The Palazzo Publico commissioned Duccio di Buoninsegna to paint an altarpiece called the Maesta What kind of artistic influence is shown in Duccio s Maesta Duccio was influenced by Byzantine and French Gothic art in his creation of the Maesta What architectural frame is the Maesta formed on The Maesta was formed on a polyptych Why did Duccio include architecture within his paintings Duccio used architecture within his paintings to give a sense of depth space and foreshortening The Lorenzetti Brothers The cathedral at Siena commissioned which artist to create an altarpiece of the Birth of the Virgin The cathedral at Siena commissioned Pietro Lorenzetti to create an altarpiece of the Birth of the Virgin What sets Pietro s Birth of the Virgin apart from previous illustrations Pietros Birth of the Virgin is done in a more realistic setting while architectural designs are used to create the illusion of depth and space The Palazzo Pubblico commissioned which artist to create the Allegory of Good Government The Palazzo Pubblico commissioned Ambrogio Lorenzetti to create the Allegory of Good Government What is an allegory A picture or narrative that demonstrates a moral message What does the Allegory of Good Government depict The Allegory of Good Government depicts good government in the Sienese city and countryland Why were the Allegory of Good Government and the Allegory of Bad Government made These frescoes were made for the council to always seek good government over bad government The Bubonic Plague How long did the cities of Florence and Siena prosper before the