I Chapter 4 Political Economy A Smith Rationalist Comparative Politics Invisible hand theory individuals self interest will stimulate the economy 1 2 Government s only role should be to a protect citizens from violence and other states b establish justice c maintain public works and institutions 3 His argument is a rebuttal to mercantilism 4 Consequences of Division of Labor increased dexterity of workers a b increased production c time saver B North Structuralist with a little rationalist a Ex Goat apple Institutions minimize time 3 C Acemoglu Structuralist 1 Power impact of institutions in creating regulating the market 2 Transaction cost the time it takes to barter and make economic transactions 1 Geography economic prosperity are a correlation but NOT necessarily a causation 2 Good institutions have a enforcement of property rights b constraints on elites and powerful groups c some degree of equal opportunity II Chapters 8 Constitutions Legislatures A de Tocqueville Culturalist 1 Democracy in America Equality leads to democracy B Duverger Structuralist 1 Simple majority single ballot system favors the two party system C Iversen Soskice Structuralist 1 Redistribution is the result of electoral systems class coalitions left governments PR increase redistribution reduce equality a b right governments have negative effects on redistribution D Estevez Abe Iversen Soskice Structuralist 1 Social protection helps economic actors overcome market failures in skill formation In a modern economy a combination of skills is needed firm specific industry 2 general skills the type of protection an economy has determines the profile of skills likely to emerge III Chapter 9 10 Executives Political Parties Party Systems Interest Groups 3 Two types of employment protection a unemployment protection b wage protection A Marx Engels Structuralist 1 Communism a abolition of private property b state owns everything c death to the bourgeois middle class 2 Political power one class oppressing another B Bunce Wolchik 1 No fucking idea IV Chapter 10 Developing Countries A Easterly Rationalist 1 Economic growth free the poor from hunger and disease a GDP growth means rising incomes for the poor Increased incomes decreased morality rates Increased poverty severe economic decline 2 3 4 Two ways to help the poor solution 5 Adam Smith applied to development a trickle down theory b privatization free markets liberalization B Collier Willem Gunning Structuralist 1 Development in Africa a Domestic Destiny a Redistribution b Overall economic growth incomes of both the rich and the poor rise Better 1 geographic demographic characteristics 2 low income disease poor soil quality resource curse b Domestic Policy 1 limited tax revenue by reducing wage rates non wage expenditures 2 problems of contract enforcement poor public service c External Destiny 1 countries are landlocked 2 aid d External Policy 1 high trade barriers high exchange rates 2 high tariffs export rates V Chapter 7 Political Violence A Skocpol Structuralist 1 Social Revolution a rapid basic transformation of socio economic political institutions 2 Causes of Social Revolution a state collapse b widespread peasant rebellions c marginal elite political movements 3 Agrarian bureaucracies a social control rests on the division of labor b vulnerable to peasant rebellions 4 All about the peasants B Crenshaw Rationalist 1 Causes of Terrorism a preconditions factors that set the stage over the long run b precipitants specific events that immediately cause terrorism c enabling factors provide opportunities for terrorism to happen d permissive factors situations that directly inspire motivate terrorist campaigns e political use to oppose a government 2 Terrorism is the result of elite disaffection a small group of minorities may turn to terrorism acting on behalf of a larger population even though they may not approve a Goal 1 gain attention 2 create sympathy or fear 3 Terrorists are rational a possess a consistent set of values beliefs and images of the environment b logical means to advance desired ends c d members aren t crazy irrational e shared guilt vengeance they believe that if they die their death will be avenged inexpensive simple potential reward is high by the group C Abrahams Rationalist 1 Terrorists are not irrational a Assumptions 1 terrorists have consistent stable political goals 2 terrorists evaluate all their options 3 terrorism offers a superior political return 2 Individuals join terrorist organizations for social relations friendship feelings of belonging 3 Real goal of terrorists social NOT political benefits therefore our approach of handling them should be different 4 7 Puzzles of Terrorism Coercive ineffectiveness terrorism as the first resort reflexively uncompromising terrorists protean political platforms anonymous attacks terrorist fratricide never ending terrorism 1 Rebuttal to Thomas Friedman s argument that technology has made the world flat a level playing field 2 The world isn t flat spikey places the world s peaks have become slightly more dispersed a b the world s hills have proliferated shifted 3 Economic social distances between peaks have gotten smaller VI Chapter 15 Globalization A Florida Structuralist a social mobility 4 Upcoming problems a widening gap between the rich and the poor b economic social inequality B The Economist Structuralist 1 Government intervention in business a Financial crisis led to government intervention b Governments helped companies that were too important or big to fail 2 The market is viewed as the villain 3 The public wants big government to protect them