Media Final Study Guide BOOK INDUSTRY Book Publishing Strategies to Reduce Risk 1 Prepublication Research 2 Making use of track records what is likely to sell 3 Offering advances on royalties to get big name authors relying on history of success track records imprint a brand that is an offshoot of one of the larger conglomerates NEWSPAPER INDUSTRY Rise of Newspapers as Mass Medium o steam powered cylinder press resulted in low cost paper o rise of common man o increased literacy rates o changed a lot due to politics o early newspapers were adversarial Adversarial Press Yellow Journalism o press with the power to argue with the government criticism of British colonial policy of taxation without representation o unethical sensational nonsense stories o early form of journalism in the US that was defined by a fight between Pulitzzr and Hurst o sensationalism in early reporting pushing the boundaries of ethics Penny Press o sold to masses for 1 cent ex newspaper Benjamin Day s The Sun Changing Nature of News Production in 21st century o Publisher oversees Production design printing online Editorial reporters editors copyeditors Editorial Team 1 Editor everything 2 Managing Editor particular segments 3 Reporter Beats write actual content 4 Freelancers no stability or contract 5 Copyeditors review editors Business ad sales marketing accounting Newspapers response to Contemporary Challenges o Dailies vs Weeklys Dailies circulation is down even though the population has grown dying especially among younger audiences ex Wallstreet Journal Washington Times NY Times most owned by chains competition from Metro not as up to date on current events Weeklys o Newspaper industry must operate very differently than they once did more colorful pictures more interesting stories competition to get the most views and the best rating and best story local stories and aspect Citizen Journalism o people of the community contributing to news o the idea that anyone in the world can be a journalist o cell phone technologies able to post and upload anything o changes the way any journalist does their business because they have competition from average citizens MAGAZINE INDUSTRY Era of Mass Circulation Magazines o 1920 s 1950 s o From sensationalism nonsense to entertainment ex Ladies Home Journal Saturday Evening Post Time Readers Digest Sources of Magazine Revenue o Subcriptions o Advertisements Magazines Advertising Dual Revenue Stream how media is financed from consumers and advertising o Wall of separation between church and state magazine content and the advertisers should remain separate What we have seen increasingly that these two are being blurred together o Advertisers in industrial era sought to reach mass audiences so they turned to magazines Development of brands Media kits professional sources of information packaged for potential advertisers tell who the audience is o Renowned for artistic covers and use of images to tell news stories o What led to the decline of photojournalism Photojournalism Television Rise of Niche Magazines o Rather than targeting everyone you go after people with a certain interest o Advertisers know whether or not they should advertise their product with that specific audience ex fashion sports food 5 Types of Magazines o Business Trade o Consumer o Literacy reviews Academic journals o Newsletters o Comic Books Magazine Industry Responses in Digital Age o Responding The Uniqueness of Print History Portability Sensory experience fragrance cosmetic samples pop ups Advertisers Influence on content SOUND RECORDING INDUSTRY Music before the Sound Recording Industry o Instruments o Player pianos o Minstrel shows 1840 s 1910 o Vaudeville Shows Late 1800 s 1920 o Song pluggers Advent of Record Player o Decline in sheet music Platform Agnostic the idea that regardless of a platform medium it s the content that matters It does not matter whether the ad is online in physical magazines etc From magazine to maga brand o Songs became shorter and more complicated o Better quality in music Early relationship between recording radio industries o Radio and recording did not like each other because radio came around and was free and live while sound recording cost money o Not until early 21st century that radio became and gateway for recording industry A R o artist and repertoire the talent scouts in the music industry How Are Artists Compensated Promotion in Recording Industry o royalties o concerts o merchandise o guest appearances o Radio o Music videos o Movie promotions o Publicity appearances o Commercials Specific Impact of iTunes on Recording Industry o no longer buy albums but rather a single song o rely on digital formats of music o piracy Exhibition o Digital downloads o Record stores o Retailers Walmart Target o Internet Stores Amazon o Direct Sales Record Labels Conglomerates o recording industry has changed a lot because there is a lot of independent labels and artists but distribution plays a huge role in that Piracy o Unauthorized duplication of copyrighted music looks authentic Counterfeiting Bootlegging Peer to Peer unauthorized recording of performance people share resources of computers with others o RIAA Recording Industry Association of America organization responsible for trying to combat music piracy MOTION PICTURE INDUSTRY Persistence of Vision o Human eye continues to see image after removed from sight Ex flip book motion horse story Early Motion Picture Technologies o light bulb o photography o flexible film o the motion picture camera o film projector Studio System o The way the early movie industry was organized o Consisted of the star system and block booking o Companies would have two movies a good movie and a bad movie o They would tell theaters they can have the good movie as long as they take the Block booking bad movie as well The Star System o Initially star s names were unknown to the public MPPC o Didn t have to pay much o Later cultivated and shaped their images by major production studios MPAA o Motion Picture Association of America o rated movies Production Activities in the Film Industry o Coming up with ideas o Finding scriptwriters o Finding people to make money o Making sure it s carried out on time o Budget Distribution Activities in the Film Industry o Release date based upon kind of film target audience other films in slate o Peak times summer Thanksgiving Christmas o Day and Date simultaneous release for movies in different countries Commit