Notes for Exam III Brazilian Carnival and Music Text Brazilain Sound Chapter 6 Bahia of all the Saints Chapter 3 Bossa Nova Chapter 6 Bahia of all the Saints Salvador Bahia 80 percent of population Black or Mulato Capital of Bahia Culturally the most African The highest concentration of African descendants of any major city in Brazil 80 percent of African inhabitants Black or Mulatta Baianas Bahian women white skirts and headdresses worn by the bainanas recall west Africa as well as local food often cooked in milk or palm oil and the use of red pepper Nag Portugal colonial government for Brazil establisted in 1549 by Government General Tome de Sousa City originally called Sao Salvador da Bahia de Todos Os Santos Savior Saint of the Bay of all the Saints In Brazil the Yoruba are called Nago Candombl Thrives in Bahia 100s of terreiros established in Salvador in the 19th and 20th century Nago worship of the orisa Terreiros Centers of Worship established in Salvador 1830 Disdain and persecution from government police and press of African culture 1940 s Capoeira Afro Brazalian martial arts form from Angola Ring of spectators barefoot shirtless young man two people in the ring at the same time loose fitting white pants spins kicks legitimized following the decline in repression of African culture with the presidency of Getulio Vargas The only National Sport N golo Mucope people of Angola An acrobatic dance performed by young males of the Mucope people of Angola 1770 earliest reference to capoeira Slavery Era capoeristas attached knives and razors to feet or shows yielding deadly weapons during kicks This was the practice of maltas urban gangs formed by individuals slaves and free men of lower class Mestre Bimba 1889 1979 Manoel Dos Reis Machado opened an establishment in 1927 and became the first capoeira academy registered with the government in 1937 Capoeira Regional A style crated by Mestre Bimba that mixed elements of capoeira and batuque an African based martial arts focusing on the fighting elements of the art Mestre Pastinha 1898 1981 Vincente Ferreira Pastinha the other major teacher advocated a more traditional form capoeira angola with emphasis on ritualistic and philosophical stylistic aspects of capoeria Capoeria Angola Accompaniment 3 Berimbaus 2 Pandeiros 1 Agogo and reco reco notched bamboo stick scraper and an atabaque Berimbau and the parts of the instrument wooden bow steel wire gourd coin stick rattle Wooden Bow Verga Steel Wire Arame Gourd Cabaca Coin Dobrao Stick Baqueta Rattle Caxixi Sizes and names of Berimbau gunga centro medio viola 1 Berimbau Gunga with the largest gourd and deepest tone 2 Berimbau Centro Medio maintains rhythm along with gunga 3 Berimbau Viola smallest gourd Roda circle of participants 1 Ladainho opening music scene possibly a story philiosphical reflection pass messages to listeners songs are sometimes improvised songs are vehicles for the transmission of oral history political commentary and history 2 Chula follows ladainho consists of C and R between the soloist and the roda in which the leader gives salutations pays homage lead prayers and exhorts the players 3 Corrido C and R singing that signifies the beginning of the jogo game Singer energizes the players spiritually uplifting and historically inspiring Toques rhythms Rhythm varying in speed fast to slow Carnival in Bahia 2 million participants Salvador in competition with Rio for most popular Carnival Participating groups Afro blocos afox s trio el ctricos Musicians playing instruments atop decorated trucks Afrox procession that brings candombl into the streets into a secular context Procession that brings the ceremonial movements of candomble with the corresponding songs rhythms dances and percussion into the streets in a secular context began in Salvador and have grown into massive parading groups 1895 First Afox s in Salvador 1902 1918 afrox s banished Embaixada Africana African Embassy first afoxe Many of the earlier African centered afoxes dressed in African style clothes and celebrated African themes honoring Oxala or Zumbi or Quilombo de Palmares 1948 founding of Filhos de Gandhi Sons of Ghandi historical significance of the group An afoxe that incorporated anti colonialists and pacifist philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi Antonio Curuzu founding member of Filhos de Gandhi approximately 100 members dressed in blue and white debut in Carnival in 1949 nonviolent approach JVC Smithsonian Video excerpts Music and Dance in the Americas v 4 South Ameirca Samba de Roda Candombl Capoeira de Angola Chapter 3 Bossa Nova Desafinado Off Key Jo o Gilberto anthem of bossa nova November 1958 Charecteristics personal intimate whispering style music for off key singers Bossa Nova introduced 1959 album Chega de Saudade and release of Black Orpheus Bossa Nova list of characteristics New fashion new way Created in Rio de Janiero mid 1950s New style of Samba Simplify the rhythmic complexity unusual harmonies and syncopations but with sophisticated simplicity Harmonic richness of classical music and modern jazz songs include altered chords invented chords unusual harmonic progressons sudden leaps and tonal shifts Reat lyrics Could be performed by small combos but for a lone singer and guitar Its success marked the first large scale international exposure of the Brazilian music The world s most famous and recorded of Bossa Nova Garota de Ipanema The Girl From Impanema Great success in the US in 1962 following the release of Stan Getz and Charlie Byrds Last Samba Huge impact on jazz and international music over the next three decades Antonio Carlos Tom Jobim 1927 1994 Birth date early education on piano influence of Villa Lobos first studied architecture Odeon Label TV show Born 1927 in Rio neighborhood of Tijuca Started playing piano at 14 after father bought a piano for his sister studied piano Joachim Koellreuter a German who studied at the Berlin State Academy of Music and who settled in Brazil in 1938 Love for music grew when he discovered Villa Lobos who wrote the masterpieces of Bachianas Brasilieras merging music from the Baroque period and Brazilian folk music first studied architecture but was different from it Served as artistic direct for Odeon Label Had a TV show in Sao Paulo called Bom Tom meaning Nice Tom and good taste Vinicius de Moraes 1913 1980 Focus of text themes absence from text writing 1932 to 1952 diplomat 1956 collaboration with Jobim Orfeu Negro A Felicidade Jo o Gilberto b 1931