Chapter 1 Matter Energy and Measurement What is Chemistry What is Matter States of Matter Solid Book The study of composition properties behavior and changes that matter undergoes Anything that has mass and occupies space definite shape and volume Does not have definite shape Gas Air Liquid Water does not have a definite shape has definite volume takes shape of container Does not have definite volume What is a property What are physical properties Characteristics that are used to differentiate a substance from other forms of matter A characteristic that is observed without matter undergoing changes Ex smell taste density temp melting point boiling point What is a chemical property A characteristic that is observed when matter changes or resists change Ex Nail Rusting Gold Resisting Rust What kind of changes does matter undergo Physical Change a change in which no new substances are formed Basic composition remains the same only physical appearances change Ex Water Ice Chemical Change a change in which new substances are formed Basic composition is changed Ex Burning paper Physical and Chemical changes are followed by energy changes What is Energy The ability to do work or ability to transfer heat What is Exothermic Process Heat is given off or released EX Freezing of Water What is Endothermic Process Heat is absorbed Matter Solid Liquid Gas Substance Mixture What is a substance a single form of matter with uniform composition and unique properties EX Element Compound What is a mixture What is an Element a combination of two or more substances a pure substance that cannot be simplified by any means They are solids liquids gasses as well as naturally occurring or synthetic Elements are known by name and symbol Symbol is a letter or two of the english OR derived name of an element What is a Compound What is a Mixture a combination of two or more elements that can be seperated by chemical means only EX Water Hydrogen Oxygen a combination where 2 items can be physically separated EX Bacon cheeseburger sugar water a mixture with no distinct phases can t tell by simply looking at it A uniform What is a Homogenous Mixture composition EX sugar dissolved in water What is a Heterogenous Mixture A mixture with separate phases Composition is variable Both types separated by physical means Chemistry is qualitative Why How and quantitative Amount What is Measurement Deals with numbers What is an Exact Number numbers given by definition or numbers we can count What is an Inexact Number measured values 1 Accuracy How close a measured value is to the actual value 2 Precision How close repeated measured values are to each other What are Significant Figures measured values when reported can be determined accurately