Comm212 Final Exam Review Chapter 1 Understanding Public Speaking Linear Model of Communication theory that views communication as a one way process in which a source conveys an encoded message through a channel to a receiver who then decodes that message Source Encodes noise Message channel Receiver Decodes Source the person responsible for inventing the idea on which he or she intends to speak and crafting that idea to an audience Encoding taking an abstract notion and providing it meaning through the application of symbols Message the content or idea that the source tries to convey to the audience Channel the medium through which an encoded message is transmitted from a source to a receiver Receiver the person or audience that a message is being transmitted to Decoding the process of drawing meaning from the symbols that were used to encode a message Noise anything that can change the message after the source encodes and sends it Physical other sounds visual barriers poor volume and projection distractions in the room hunger tiredness and other bodily limitations Psychological preoccupation with other thoughts emotional reaction to the topic prejudice or ill will toward the speaker unwillingness to listen resistance to the message Interactive Model of Communication communication theory that views communication as a two way process that includes feedback and the environment The sender and the receiver are both responsible for encoding and decoding messages Source Encodes noise Message channel Receiver Decodes Feedback Feedback the receiver s response to a message that is sent to the sender Environment the context in which the communication process takes place Beliefs context history participation relationships physical setting values Transactional Model of Communication the theory that views communication as a constant process in which all parties simultaneously play the roles of sender and receiver Communication is constant face to face communication Environment Source Encodes noise Message channel Receiver Decodes Conversation vs Speech Similarities Audience centered Attention to feedback Goal driven Logic is required Stories for effect Differences Language choices Speeches require more organization Use of notes No interruptions Delivery style Physical arrangement Public Speaking Myths Myth 1 public speaking is a talent not a skill good speakers are made not born Myth 2 Speech is easy we do it all the time just because we do it all the time doesn t mean we do it correctly or as well as we could Myth 3 there is no right way to deliver a speech there is a proper way to construct and deliver a speech Chapter 2 Speech Anxiety Phobia a persistent irrational fear of a specific object activity or a situation that leads to a compelling desire to avoid Communication Apprehension the fear or anxiety associated with real or anticipated communication with another or others Self fulfilling Prophecy convincing yourself that something is going to happen before it does thus leading to the occurrence of what you originally expected Anxiety physical reactions rise in blood pressure shortness of breath galvanic skin tightening Systematic Desensitization the process whereby a person is slowly introduced to a fear such that each time he or she overcomes the fear the intensity is decreased Chapter 3 Speaking and Ethics Ethics involve morals and the specific moral choices to be made by a person Plagiarism taking the intellectual achievements of another person and presenting them as own Global Plagiarism taking an entire piece of work and saying that it is your own Incremental Plagiarism using part of someone else s work and not citing it as a source Patchwork Plagiarism taking ideas from more than one piece of work and putting them together into a new piece of work and then presenting them as original work without giving due credit to the sources Patchworking taking original source material and changing a few words in it but not enough to considerate a paraphrase all the while not citing the original source material Verbal Citation name of publication the date source was published author of work credentials of the source Balance Emotion and Logic capitalizing on emotion to move an audience denies them the opportunity to sift and weigh the evidence for themselves and come to their own decisions on the matter Chapter 4 Speaking in and to Different Disciplines External Environment Outdoors competing noises airplanes cars wind audience members can come and go freely controlled by weather Indoors large or small room o Large room not know everyone in audience have to identify size affect audibility of voice o Small room require microphones more intimate more dialogic presentation and conversational verbal feedback Speaking in Different Fields and Professions Politics need to be well versed in speaking in different situations Speaking for educators may deliver the most presentations every year restricted to indoor environment students are the audience content is meant to inform and not convince STEM Fields Science Technology Engineering Mathematics applied fields of study apply math or science knowledge to invent design create or build things to solve practical problems Business setting small conference room settings Healthcare setting one of six competencies that will be measured and reported in order for a program to remain accredited small group in an intimate situation Chapter 5 Topic Selection General Purpose Statement a brief statement representing what you aim to do with the speech Three types 1 Informative Speeches give audience information but does not try to convince an audience to do or believe something to inform to describe or to demonstrate 2 Persuasive Speeches intended to change or to reinforce the audience s attitudes actions beliefs or values To induce audience to take a course of action to persuade to convince 3 Commemorative Speeches celebration honoring someone or presenting or accepting an award wedding toast or funeral eulogy To honor or to commemorate or to celebrate Choose Your Topic next step after general purpose statement is made Narrow Topic Brainstorm to create a list of possible topics and keep adding to this list as you think of new ideas Concept Map or mind map a visual representation of the potential areas that you could cover in your speech Determining the Specific Purpose Specific Purpose Statement a narrower version of the general purpose statement that identifies