Designing a Healthy Diet Pt2 Friday November 6 2015 11 25 AM 2 4 States of Nutritional Health Nutritional Terms Nutritional State or Nutritional Status Nutritional Health of a person as determined by Anthropomorphic measurements Biochemical measurements of nutrients Their by products in blood and urine Clinical examination Dietary analysis Economic evaluation Malnutrition Falling health from long standing dietary practices that do not coincide with nutritional needs Overnutrition a state in which nutritional intake greatly exceeds the body s needs Undernutrition Failing health that results from a long standing dietary intake that is not enough to meet nutritional needs Desirable Nutrition Adequate stores of nutrients such as iron and adequate blood values such as for iron related compounds 2 5 Measuring Your Nutritional State Finding out how nutritionally fit you are a nutritional assessment needs to be conducted Performed by a physician often with the aid of a registered dietitian Measuring Your Nutritional State Analyzing Background Factors Important background factors Medical History e g current diseases past surgeries current weight current medications Social History Marital status living condition Education Level Family Health History Economic Status Assessing Nutritional Status using the ABCDEs Anthropomorphic Assessment Body weight lengths circumferences and thicknesses of parts of the body Biochemical Assessment Biochemical functions related to a nutrient s function Concentrations of nutrient by products or enzyme activities in Economic Status Assessing Nutritional Status using the ABCDEs Anthropomorphic Assessment Body weight lengths circumferences and thicknesses of parts of the body Biochemical Assessment Biochemical functions related to a nutrient s function Concentrations of nutrient by products or enzyme activities in blood or urine Clinical Assessment General appearance of skin eyes and tongue evidence of rapid hair loss sense of touch ability to cough walk Dietary Assessment Estimation of typical food choices relying on the recounting of one s usual intake or record of previous days intake Environmental Assessment Living conditions education level ability to purchase transport and cook food Weekly budget for food purchases Recognizing the Limitations of Nutritional Assessment A long time between poo nutritional habits and the onset of first clinical evidence health problem Diet high in animal and saturated fat increases blood cholesterol Takes a long time for clinical symptoms to become apparent Concern about the State of Your Nutritional Health is Important People who focus on nutrition can live a long vigorous life Healthy Habits include Consumed a healthy diet Varied Rich in fiber Included some fish Low in animal fat and trans fat Maintained a healthy weight Occasionally consumed alcohol in small amounts Exercised for at least 30 minutes daily Avoided the use of tobacco Dietary Reference Intakes DRI Recommended Dietary Allowances RDA Adequate Intakes AI Estimated Energy Requirements EER Tolerable Upper Intake Levels Upper Levels or UL 2 6 Specific Nutrient Standards and Recommendations Specific Nutrient Standards and Recommendations Dietary Reference Intakes DRI Term used to encompass nutrient recommendations by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine These include RDAs AIs EERs and ULs Recommended intake levels for energy and individual nutrients Used for planning as well as assessing the diets of healthyAmericans and Canadians Term used to encompass nutrient recommendations by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine These include RDAs AIs EERs and ULs Recommended intake levels for energy and individual nutrients Used for planning as well as assessing the diets of healthyAmericans and Canadians Includes values for men and women at various life stages Intake of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50 of individuals in a specific gender and life stage group EAR set based on criteria of adequacy i e biomarker Used to evaluate and plan nutrient adequacy of a population Intake of a nutrient that meets the needs of nearly all individuals 97 98 in a specific gender and life stage group RDA developed from EAR level that best reduces the risk of deficiency RDA is reference value for intake that individualsshould strive to achieve Used in place of RDA when insufficient scientific evidence exists for developing an RDA estimate of average nutrient needs Often set at typical nutrient intakes of individuals displaying no deficiency symptoms When AI used indicates need for more scientific research to develop RDA Dietary Reference Intakes DRI Estimated Average Requirement Recommended Dietary Allowance Adequate Intake Tolerable Upper Limit Estimated Energy Requirement EER Daily Value DV Estimates energy kcal intake needed to match the energy use of an average person in a specific life stage EER predicts energy needs based on gender age height weight and physical activity level Serves as a starting point for estimating calorie need The nutrient standard used on the Nutrition portion of the food label The percent Daily Value for each nutrient is based on consuming a 2000 kcal diet Set at or close to the highest RDA value or related nutrient standard DVs have been set for vitamins minerals protein other dietary components Allow intake comparison from a specific food to desirable or maximum intakes Maximal intake level of a nutrient deemed to be safe Not recommended intake level Risk of toxicity expected to increase as UL is exceeded Projected risk due to ethical considerations in research Supplement use may lead to intakes that surpass UL RDA DV The percent Daily Value for each nutrient is based on consuming a 2000 kcal diet Set at or close to the highest RDA value or related nutrient standard DVs have been set for vitamins minerals protein other dietary components Allow intake comparison from a specific food to desirable or maximum intakes RDA vs Daily Value Recommended intakes of nutrients that meet the needs of almost all healthy people of similar age and gender A rough estimate of nutrient needs Generalized for children through adults regardless of gender or life stage Used on food labels for simplicity not accuracy How Should These Nutrient Standards be Used RDAs and related standards are intended for diet planning Diet plan should aim to meet the RDA or AI Not to exceed the UL over the long term 2 7 Evaluating Nutrition Information Apply
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