Religion Transforms Society continued World Religions continued 1 Art Philosophies Science 2 Law 3 Power of State Development of institution that rivals the state What is the responsibility of the church and what is the responsibility of the state The Investiture Controversy In response to a question Who has the authority to appoint bishops within the Holy Roman Empire Europe Church or State Emperor Henry IV As leader of government he believed that he should appoint bishops for who he governs over Why Because he provides for the church with land money for missionary trips etc Why would the affairs of the church matter to him Bishops sway the people s political opinions and he wants to appoint bishops who will be loyal to him Pope Gregory VII He believed that the church should appoint bishops because it is not a state government and should not be controlled by the state Also only one person can speak for Christ the bishop of Rome that s him To go against that would go against God Henry s response He ll do what he wants because he s the Emperor This pushes the Pope into a corner and leaves him no other choice He forces his hand by excommunicating Henry IV This means that Henry IV is no longer a member of the Catholic Church Henry s response He begs for forgiveness outside the church until the Pope agrees to let him back in the Catholic Church Why would Henry IV care about being a member of the church Religious feelings aside Henry relies on nobles who have their own armies and land They have an oath to be loyal to him But his political legitimacy is that the Emperor has favor of the Pope This means that if they nobles go against Henry IV they are also against the Pope If he loses the support of the Pope then his nobles can join forces and overthrow him Islamic World didn t have feuds like this Why not There was no separation of the church from the state They were one Religion provokes larger changes 1 Art Philosophies Science 2 Law 3 Power of State 4 Role of Trade Ex The state of Malacca discussed in previous lectures Ex Confucianism divides people into social hierarchies A Scholars draft laws run state B Peasants provide food C Soldiers protection D Artisans create E Merchants at the bottom Seen as extremely parasitic because they distribute the goods that others make Islam s view of merchants very high status because the prophet Mohammed was a merchant and they are associated with missionary work 5 Gender Roles not radically redefined by religion All 3 religions support the idea of patriarchy Ex Christianity Adam was created first and Eve was made from Adam s rib Eve took the fruit from the forbidden tree and told Adam to eat it which showed that women are unpredictable seen as a temptress and emotional 6 Tolerance Effect of world religions decrease in tolerance of other religions Why Idea of Monotheism only one God instead of my religion has its gods and yours has your gods Also you re no longer helping your fellow man by letting them follow false gods Classical Patterns of Imitation All these societies are still in search of the basic tools needed to make a sophisticated society Their culture is still evolving Imitator societies Japan 1 2 Southeast Asia 3 Russia 4 Europe Culture VS Imitation Globalism VS Tribalism Clinging to culture promotes tribalism Ex Thai food Bangkok How authentic is it We decide this by seeing if it tastes the same as it would in Bangkok Why wouldn t it be as good 1 Local taste of the consumer most important Ingredients maybe the ingredients won t be available 2 3 Expertise not enough skill or practice Why wouldn t we want to make it authentic Because different cultures have different tastes Wanting to preserve the original tribal way of thinking Thai American food global way of thinking Bangkok Tribal Thai Food Thai American Global Has Thai food always existed in Bangkok No It came from India and China mostly China It s something they borrowed from China and made different The Process of Cultural Imitation Are these truly Hawaiian What is Hawaiian culture They re proud to Americans but they don t want to lose their culture 1 Ukulele 19th century very modern from Portuguese Sailors 2 Pineapple 19th century also very modern the British stole seed from South America and planted them in Hawaii 3 Hakka a war dance that Hawaiians do before football games It s symbolic of Hawaiian masculinity came from Maori people in New Zealand True Hawaiian culture 1 Surfing 2 Hula Dancing Japan Imitator society Japan does not exist yet they re living in large tribes In order to evolve they need to bring in an outside resource Borrowed from China Writing Japanese writing is an adaptation of Chinese characters Technology navigational gunpowder paper silk porcelain Social Ideas limited Confuciansim Gender roles the notion of gender inequality However they did not understand foot binding Imitation is selective meaning the imitator societies only take what they like Russia Imitator society Imitates the Byzantine Empire Writing very much connected to religion explained below Religion Ex Prince Vladimir Kiev city 989AD Prince Vladimir has united many people but he needs political legitimacy He has 2 choices Christianity or Islam Islam was at its high point but he chose Christianity because Islam did not allow the consumption of alcohol and Russian people like alcohol Now Prince Vladimir needs missionaries They come from Constantinople the Christian center across the Black Sea which was a natural traffic area for trade Problems There was no written language and the Bible was in Greek So the missionaries particularly St Gyril and Methodius came up with the Cyrillic alphabet Political Heritage heirs of Byzantine legacy Moscow considers itself the 3rd Rome after Constantinople fell in 1453 Ruler Czar Tzar comes from Caesar German Ruler Kaiser also comes from Caesar Southeast Asia Imitator Society will be covered next lecture