How did the Second World War impact the Middle East directly and indirectly Review Direct Indirect Fighting in Egypt threatened the Suez Canal The British invaded Syria after the establishment of Vichy France The Holocaust produced Jewish refugees who wanted to go to Palestine It also heightened sympathy for European Jews within the United States and the The war weakened the British and their hold on their colonies in the Middle East The United States became more involved in the Middle East as the British Soviet Union and elsewhere withdrew Who attempted to resolve the dispute between Palestinian Jews and Arabs immediately after the war and what plans did they propose Proposed 100 000 European Jewish refugees be admitted immediately Americans British Proposed a federated Arab Jewish state United Nations Two proposals Binational State Partition Why were the Israelis successful in establishing an independent state They seized the territory promised to them in the UN Partition Plan immediately Their military had gained experience fighting underground and in the Second World War They secured moral and material support from the United States and the Soviet Union The Arab forces were demoralized and overestimated the strength of the Israelis Questions for Today What were the successes and failures of democracy in Egypt in the mid 20 th century How did Gamal Abdel Nasser transform Egypt and the Middle East What were the characteristics of the Pan Arab movement and what did that movement hope to achieve Egypt after the First World War and the 1919 Revolution Sa d Zaghul days after the armistice which ended WWI put together a delegation to go to Britain and make the case for egyptian independence Britain would not listen Put together later on the Wafd Delegation and went to britain again to make the Britain exiled him from Egypt which led to revolts only ended when Zaghul was allowed to return and allowed the Wafd delegation to attend the paris peace conference This turned Britain into a protectorate of Egypt Revolts continued and were getting more violent because Egypt had not achieved case its goal Eventually the British decided to resign their position of protectorate but demanded a few rights They were known as the Reserved Points in short it gave Egypt independence domestically but they were not really allowed to act on an international scale Attempts at Democracy in Egypt The developed a constitutional monarchy the wafd delegation became a political party they gained the majority of seats in parliament However King Faud dissolved parliament because the wafd party would not give in to britain s demands for compensation over the assassination of an egyptian military leader There was a cultural boom All the political parties struggling for power led to the creation of many newspapers and magazines authors began making more books and short stories Egypt began becoming the new intellectual capital of the middle east this scared the egyptians and british a bit so they began to resolve their In 1935 Italy invaded albania differences King Faud died in 1936 King Faruq and the Reestablishment of Democracy The youths of the time wanted a democracy again Faud s son Faruq decided to allow elections again wafd party won the elections again but they were willing to negotiate with the british The 1936 anglo egyptian treaty the british can have military troops in egypt egypt would get membership to the league of nations and an independent military egypt was becoming divided between the poor and rich since the rich in parliament were not willing to have social reforms that may threaten their position illiteracy and disease were rampant due to this many citizens began to turn away from democracy because of this The Muslim Brotherhood idea was to return egypt to its past where the principles of islam and the followers of muhammad were paramount founded by Hassan al Banna slogan the quran is our constitution became infamous for attacks on jews and christians even though their methods were controversial it gained a lot of traction Egypt during the Second World War and the Israeli War of Independence egypt was very supportive of the germans this was because they were fighting britain egypt rolled tanks in to cairo and forced Faruq to make a pro western government after WWII many people were expecting a revolution like after WWI however egypt was much more stable Britain began to recede from the world the eastern governments had been discredited due to the loss of the war they were a principal government in the UN the egyptian government embraced arab nationalism which helped the government gain favor had major involvement in the israeli war they didn t want an alien state on their border thought that if jordan was able to undo israel they would have control of palestine meaning they d miss out on the spoils of war The Rise of Gamal Abdel Nasser loss to israel discreted the old regime people wanted radical change the wafd party decided to undo the 1936 anglo egyptian treaty they then attacked a british garrison britain retaliated and killed 50 police officers Black Saturday rebels went out and destroyed everything that resembled europe government did nothing to stop it there was a military coup in 23 july 1952 led by a secret society of military officers radical forms were instituted abolished democracy in europe reinstituted land belonging to the rich who had too much land Gamal Abdel Nasser took control of egypt wildly popular within egypt since the cold war was going on the british negotiated that they would remove their troops as long as they could come and defend the suez canal if the soviet union attacked egypt The Suez Crisis the suez canal belonged to a company mostly of british and french Nasser wanted to take control of it So he sent in troops and took control of it in oct 1956 the british and israeli government hatched a plan Israel attacked egypt which allowed britain to send in troops to defend the canal and take back control of in response nasser sunk ships in the canal to block it off which cut of a large chunk of oil to europe since the US would not sell oil to england and france again until they pulled out of egypt completely they had to give back control of the canal to egypt this made nasser look like he had won Pan Arabism and the United Arab Republic socialist sentiments Nasser would have been the leader championed the idea anti western sentiments sought a unified arab state however