Chapter 1 Invitation to a Healthy Future Health State of complete well being including physically psychologically spiritually socially intellectually and environmentally Being sound in body mind and spirit Wellness Deliberate lifestyle choice characterized by personal responsibility and optimal enhancement of physical mental and spiritual health Both are dynamic interrelated and multifaceted Health related quality of life impact of health on one s quality of life SIX DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH Physical health Psychological health o Not static state o Process that depends on decisions we make everyday o Feed body nutriously exercise regularly avoid harmful behavior and substances watch for early signs of disease or sickness and protect ourselves from accidents o Refers to emotional and mental states o Involves awareness and acceptance of wide range of feelings in oneself and others and the ability to express emotions function independently and cope with challenges of daily stress Spiritual health o Identify own basic purpose in life o Learn how to experience emotions like love joy peace and fulfillment o Help self and others achieve full potential o Ability to interact effectively with others and the social environment o To develop satisfying personal relationships and fulfill social roles Social health Intellectual health o Ability to think and learn from life experience openness to new ideas and capacity to question and evaluate info Environmental health o Impact world has on one s wellbeing Goals of the National Public Health Objectives Eliminate preventable disease injury and avoidable death Achieve health equity eliminate disparities and improve the health of all ages Create social and physical environments that promote good health Promote healthy lifestyle US spends more on healthcare than any country Health lifestyle o Could cut death rate for non smokers in half with better fitness weight and overall health Health Disparities Multiple interrelated factors that contribute to health disparities inequality Race ethnicity Cancer heart disease and diabetes impact different races to a different degree o Mental health infant mortality HIV and infectious diseases impact different races disproportionately Poverty More prevalent among minorities o Reflected in poorer health care o Low income can account for 1 3 of racial difference in death rates Gender Different amount of breaths per minute different body temps different heart rates o Greatest disparity between healthy unhealthy is among young adults o Most common problems among college students were allergies and sinus infections o Every year of post secondary school leads to larger lifespan before age 75 Healthy Changes 3 different types of influences that shape behavior more prone to certain diseases Biological Social Behavioral Age Lifestyle Education Predisposing factors o Knowledge o Attitude o Beliefs Enabling factors o Skills o Resources o Mental and physical capabilities Reinforcing factors o Rewards o Recognition o Sense of achievement o Praise from others How Why People Change Anatomy of change Enlightenment model Behavioral model Moral model Medical model Compensatory model Health Belief Model Classic Model Perceived seriousness and how vulnerable Benefits outweigh the barriers Confidence in ability to take action Self Determination Theory Transtheoretical Model o 3 beliefs most likely to change health behavior Susceptibility severity benefits Focuses on whether someone lacks motivation is super motivated or intrinsically motivated Focuses on universal aspects of a person s decision making process o Key components Stages of change Processes of Change Anything you do to modify thoughts feelings or behavior Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance Termination Social liberation Emotional arousal Commitment Environmental control Helping relationships Consciousness raising Self efficacy Belief in one s ability to accomplish a goal or change their behavior Sense of being in control of your life