Conflict and Feminist Theory Paradigm Recap Classical Rational Theories Positive Bio Psych Chicago Social Disorganization Anomie Strain Social Control Social Learning Labeling Conflict Theory Power 1971 Chambliss William J Criminological and sociological theorist co authored Law Order and Marx Karl European theorist whose view of the history of society as class struggle and capitalism as a two class system of the ruling elite and the proletariat inspired many scholars and Revolutionaries Quinney Richard Sociologist known early on as a conflict theorist and later as a Marxist theorist More recently he has been known for viewing criminology for its peacemaking potential wrote The Social Reality of Crime 1970 and Class State and Crime 1980 Turk Austin T Sociologist and criminologist who has written extensively on the conflict perspective wrote Criminality and the Legal Order 1969 Vold George B Conflict theorist wrote Theoretical Criminology 1958 Weber Max German sociologist who pioneered work on bureaucracy law and economy Fundamental causes of crime are the social and economic forces operating within society The CJS and criminal law operate on behalf of rich and powerful social elites policies are aimed Conflict Theory at controlling the poor Conflict Theory Focus is on separating the powerful from the poor Legal rights of the poor are ignored Middle class sides with the elites rather the poor thinking they might rise to the top by supporting the status quo Conflict Theory Street crimes even minor monetary ones are routinely punished quite severely while large scale financial and business crimes are treated much more leniently Theft of a television might receive a longer sentence than stealing millions through illegal business practices Conflict Theory adolescent boys Chambliss 1978 The Saints and the Roughnecks compared the outcomes for two groups of The first a lower class group of boys was hounded by the local police and labeled by teachers as delinquents and future criminals Upper middle class boys were equally deviant but their actions were written off as youthful indiscretions and learning experiences Conflict Theory Crime is a consequence of inequality in the distribution of material resources Crime is an unexceptional consequence of economic social and political disadvantage Conflict Theory Humans are basically good If they become bad it is because they are pushed or pulled by adverse conditions If the lives of the lower class were improved then there would be less crime Society is the major influence on criminal behavior Conflict Theory Imposition of law and justice is determined by those who are in power Law is an instrument of power whoever has control over the law retains power Centered on anti slavery and emancipation efforts Ended in 1920s with the passage of the 19th Amendment which gave women the right Waves of Feminism First Wave 1848 to vote Waves of Feminism Second Wave Late 1960s Women s Liberation Movement Devoted to greater social political and economic equality Waves of Feminism Third Wave Late 1980s dominance Branches of Feminism Devoted to the analysis of patriarchy and understanding of the pervasiveness of male A critical radical movement that looked into how society could be transformed in the 1960s the problem was raised but not really critically examined Liberal Feminism operates within the existing social structure to draw attention to women s issues promote women s rights increase women s opportunities and transform women s roles in society Radical feminism looks at how women came to occupy subservient roles in the first place what male power consists of and how societies themselves can be transformed Branches of Feminism Marxist feminism ties patriarchy or male privilege into the economic structure of capitalism Socialist feminism offers ideas about more equitable roles for women as child bearers nursemaids and homemakers so they can take there rightful place in society Postmodern feminism studies how discourse language and male dominated thinking is used to set women apart in society Gender Norms in a Patriarchal Society Socialization Gender Norms in a Patriarchal Society Courtship Women are socialized to subordination and males to domination Women and men are socialized to gender specific roles Women are socialized to use words and males to use force in disputes Men should marry woman who are younger This gives men an advantage in experience confidence and command Men should marry women who are smaller than they are This gives men a decided advantage in physical power and in the use of force Men should marry women who are less intelligent and less well educated than they are Men may engage in sexual intercourse outside the sanctity of marriage but women are All women experience penis envy and suffer an inferiority complex over it which they try and bound to the marriage Feminist Criminology Freudian theory psychological compensate for by being exhibitionistic and narcissistic Female crime was interpreted as longing for a penis Feminist Criminology Lombroso biological The Female Offender 1903 Short dark haired women with moles and masculine characteristics as good candidates for crime He thought that criminal women were stronger than men could handle pain better and that prison would hardly affect them at all Feminist Criminology W I Thomas sociological published The Unadjusted Girl in 1923 Claimed that women committed crime out of wishes for excitement and new experiences Women were seen as feeling confined under monogamy having a lot of pent up sexual energy which was released in criminal acts Feminist Criminology Pollak psychological sociological published The Criminality of Women in 1950 Characterized female offenders as sneaky deceitful vengeful and unemotional He claimed for example that they prefer professions such as maids nurses teachers and homemakers so they can engage in undetectable crimes He thought they were especially prone to kleptomania and nymphomania Current Theories and Research in Feminist Criminology Critiques of how women offenders have been ignored distorted or stereotyped within traditional criminology The gender ratio problem why women are less likely and men are more likely to commit crime Current Theories and Research in Feminist Criminology Generalizability problem whether traditional male theories can be modified to explain female offending Are women and men treated differently in the CJS chivalry hypotheses mixed