There are three ingredients that make up the universe Space o Objects would be lumped together if there wasn t space o Universe is made up of three different dimensions all of which have finite infinite closed or upon universe Infinite a dimension that cannot be measured Finite a dimension that can be measured Closed universe a universe that has set boundaries Open universe A universe with no ending o It is unknown which category our universe falls in to Scientists believe that our universe does have an end but cannot prove it o Examples of a 1D world A piece of string A loop of string A string can be measured therefore the universe is finite and the universe has an end therefore it is closed The string can still be measured therefore the universe is finite however one can continue to go around the loop of string for forever therefore the universe is open o Examples of a 2D world A box A cylinder Open and finite o Two systems of space Closed and finite has boundaries The English system food yard mile inch Originally based on human anatomy The metric system meter centimeter kilometer Everything is based on the meter Origin scientists measured the distance from the North Pole to the South Pole then divided this number into 10 million segments each called a meter o Therefore the distance around the entire earth is 40 million segments total As time progressed the meter was redefined o For a brief amount of time approximately 20 years the meter was defined as the wavelength when electricity was passed through krypton gas The new definition of the meter was 1 650 763 7321 wavelengths of krypton gas He told the class that we won t ever need to know that number The newest definition established in 1983 states that the easiest way to define a meter is by the speed of light The length of time is 1 299 792 458 of a second He said we won t need to know this one either Meters can be broken down through the 10s system o 100 centimeters 1 meter o 1000 meters 1 kilometer o 1000 millimeters 1 meter Time o Separates events o Origin of the pendulum clock Galileo conducted experiments and noticed that no matter how large or small the arc of a pendulum is it will complete the same amount of swings in the exact same time 10 swings at a 70 degree angle takes 17 seconds 10 swings at a 20 degree angle also takes 17 seconds Even though the time is the same the speed will be different based on how long the string is o The most accurate clock is the atomic clock Uses three cesium atoms Oscillates with no friction o Units of time are universal o The day is defined on how long it takes the Earth to spin once on its axis The day IS NOT 24 HOURS LONG but 23 hours 56 minutes and 4 seconds Called the sidereal day The day that we refer to is 24 hours and is called the solar day Matter mass WILL BE DISCUSSED IN THE LECTURE ON SEPTEMBER 2ND o Occupies space