AMST-A100 1st Edition Lecture 21 Outline of Last Lecture I. Religion, race, and nation in BrazilII. Umbanda a. Old Slavesb. Caboclosc. ExusIII. Afro-Brazilian & White UmbandaIV. Kelly Hayes’ documentary Slaves of the SaintsOutline of Current Lecture I. Transnational flows between the US & the Caribbeana. Immigration and tourismII. Globalization a. European Capitalb. Native American Landc. African LaborIII. Modernization & Dependency theoriesCurrent LectureTransnational Flows Between the US & the Caribbean - Nation’s boundaries are efforts to contain transnational flows, limit the flowThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Reasons to cross boundaries, immigrate:o Money, different currency (US)o Make more money for the same amount of work than they could at home (US)o Sending that money to family back home (US)o Tourism (Caribbean)o Cheaper to vacation (Caribbean)o Fantasy about what the Caribbean iso “Beach chair with a beer, clear blue water” (Caribbean)o Opportunities (US)- Immigrants going to the US to work hard, Tourists from the US going to the Caribbean to relax, vacation- The southern US is sometimes considered apart of the Caribbeano Similar climateo History of slaves, plantationso Sugar plantation agriculture as the base of the economyGlobalization/ Background of the Caribbean- The Caribbean islands were sparsely populated by Native American groups- Those groups were forced out and killed by European disease and genocide when Europeans arrived in the Americas - Benefits of having colonies in the Caribbeano Sugarcane plantationso Rum (made from sugarcane)o Triangular Trade: European Capital (textiles, rum, and manufactured goods to Africa) Native American Land (Sugar, tobacco, and cotton from American land to Europe) African Labor (Slaves to the Americas)- Shift from agricultural work and production to tourism over the 20th century- The Caribbean progressively gained independence from the European powers, some as late as the 70sModernization theory- Modernization theory is an explanation for the disparity between rich and poor countries- It posits that poor countries remain poor because they have yet to become politically, economically, and culturally modern- Modernization theory does not take into account that most poor countries (in the Americas) were mainly extractive colonies for most of their histories- These extractive colonies had no intention of being colonized when they were made. They were forced to do agricultural work and production for most of their history. “Forced to put all their eggs in one basket”.- It also does not account for the fact that when poor countries “modernize” their economies often become worse off.- Modernization comes from westernization, liberal democracy and capitalismDependency Theory- Dependency theory is also an explanation for the disparity between rich and poor countries- It posits that poor countries remain poor because they are economically (as well as politically and culturally) dependent on rich countries- Poor countries have to exist for rich countries to exist- Dependency theory centers on the idea that poor (“peripheral”) countries have providedcheap raw materials to rich (“core”) countries. In turn, rich countries have transformed there raw materials into finished products- The poor countries are always going to be at a disadvantage because of the nature of themarket for raw materials VS the nature of the market for finished, manufactured products- Classical dependency theory has trouble explaining shifts in the core and the periphery over time (ex. fall of the British Empire and the rise of India as a major economic power).But more recent versions of the theory focus on how capitalist globalization inevitably produces inequality even if the nations that make up the core and the periphery change over