Exam 1 Review Open Ended Name the three formed elements of blood and describe each Describe what is in a centrifuge List order and what percentage each layer contains Name and describe all functions of blood Name and describe all components of plasma List them from most abundant to least Give percentages where needed Describe albumin What is its function Describe all contents of a Leukocyte Erythrocyte and Platelet Include organelles granules and specific indicators Describe a hemoglobin molecule What about its shape allows for the best function What is its function Explain the hematopoiesis process in adults versus infants What is Erythropoiesis Explain the transformation pathways of cells in this process Name and describe all different types of anemia What part of hemoglobin binds to oxygen Describe blood doping Who does this Why Name the types of leukocytes from most to least abundant Name the three classes of granulocytes and describe each Name and describe where leukemia starts and how it occurs What is mononucleosis What is the cure Describe the contents of a granule Describe what hemostasis is and all of its steps What two chemicals enhance muscular spasm and platelet aggregation Name and describe all phases of coagulation clotting What is the PDGF Describe fibrinolysis What are the three undesirable clotting factors and explain why they are undesirable Name the types of blood groups and how they are given to each person What problems come with transfusions How do you restore blood volume Describe diagnostic blood tests Describe how fetal hemoglobin differs from adult hemoglobin Where are blood cells formed What is the normal hemoglobin content of blood in males Females Describe negative feedback s role in the blood Describe the control process of erythrocyte production Describe the similarities and differences between Malaria and Sickle Cell anemia Why are people with sickle cell anemia supposed to drink a lot of water Name the two types of leukocytes and all the classes under each Give all of their functions Explain how lymph fluid becomes lymph fluid Map fluid moving through a lymphatic vessel Name and describe all lymphocytes and what they do specific cells Describe the differences between macrophages dendritic cells and reticular cells Describe the differences between lymphoid tissue and lymphoid follicles Draw label and describe all party of a lymph node Describe the function of the spleen in the lymphatic system How does the Thymus differ from other lymphatic organs What are MALT tissues What tissues are classifies as MALT tissues Explain each What is the difference between Peyer s Patches and tonsils What makes up the central lymphoid tissue What makes up the peripheral lymphoid tissue Describe the function of each part Draw a diagram of a lymph node Explain the function of each part Describe and Explain what the red queen hypothesis is True false The plasma is the non living fluid matrix Nitrogenous Wastes come from the liver Hormone transport is from the lymphatic system The alkaline reserve for pH contains bicarbonate ions Leukocytes are the only part of blood that are complete cells Blood only carries oxygen not carbon dioxide Erythrocytes are anaerobic CO2 binds to a heme when combining with hemoglobin Cells of the spleen release erythropoietin to stimulate erythrocyte formation Vitamin B12 and Follic acid are needed for DNA synthesis Pernicious anemia produces the extrinsic factor which much be present for vitamin B12 to be absorbed Eosinophils make up 9 of the leukocytes Thrombopoietin regulates platelet formation Von Willebrand factor stabilizes bound platelets by forming a bridge between fibrin and other platelets ATP causes more platelets to stick together in an area and release their contents Vitamin K is not needed for clotting The two pathways to creating fibrin are the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways Serum is a plasma clotting protein which brings masses closely together Herapin is a natural anticoagulant in basophil and mast cells 60 of Americans are Rh meaning they carry the D antigen Ringers solution can help replace electrolytes Fetal hemoglobin has lower affinity then adult hemoglobin The liver produced erythropoietin as a response to reduced oxygen levels in t the blood Lymphatic vessels act as drainage vessels that collect extra protein containing extrastitial fluid Lymphatic capillaries are very permeable Lymphatic vessels have pumps Smooth muscle cells form flap like mini valves on lymphatic vessels Chyle is fatty lymph that drains intestinal mucosa Thoracic duct is smaller then the right lymphatic duct Skeletal muscle squeezes lymph nodes in order to aid flow of blood FILL IN BLANK One red blood cell has hemoglobin molecules is the ruby red blood filled with oxygen is the formation of Red Blood Cells percent of CO2 combines with hemoglobin It takes days to go through erythropoiesis The glycoprotein which stimulates hormonal control is known as Small pale erythrocytes which cannot synthesize hemoglobin are referred to as Neutrophils make up percent of white blood cells Neutrophils are 2x then a red blood cell The prothrombin activator catalyzes conversion of to catalyze thrombin catalyzes soluble clotting factor fibrinogen to fibrin Factor acts as a fibrin stimulating factor thus serving as a crosslink enzyme that binds fibrin strands together in activates thrombin present in plasma which is not bound to fibrin Rh blood groups contain and antigens Some people donate their own blood prior to transfusions which is called transfusion is when the liver cannot rid the body of hemoglobin and cannot break down the products fast enough This is common in premature babies and alcoholics Erythrocytes use glycolosis Hemoglobin binds to Red blood cells are eliminated by phagocytes in the or when worn out Lost blood cells are replaced by in the red bone marrow is a main component of hemoglobin need for proper function controls the rate in which erythrocytes are produced Though leukocytes can move in and out of the blood vessels this does not include precancerous or parasitic cells motion is the way leukocytes move The chemicals released by tissues are called whichsignal leukocytes to the area of need Fluid pressure is in the interstitial space when valves open absorb fat from small intestine to blood stream The enlarged sac also known as collects and drains lymph from above lumbar regions and drains digestive organs and are the two lymphatic organs that
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