Robert Campin The M rode Altarpiece c 1425 1428 The Burgundian Netherlands triptych donor and servant in left panel Annunciation to Mary Joseph in right panel as an artisan who fashions mousetraps mousetrap symbolizes Jesus as bait for the devil who is vanquished by Lord s death muscipula diaboli mousetrap of the devil instead of usual dove the infant Jesus carries cross symbolizing future redemption of mankind Hugo Van der Goes The Portinari Altarpiece c 1475 triptych commissioned by Italian banker while living outside of Italy placed in Portinari family chapel adjacent to hospital b c family made donation St Thomas on left carrying characteristic spear and wearing green red cloak robe martyr spear is instrument of his death St Anthony to left of St Thomas desert hermit wearing black Mary Magdalene with ointment jar St Margaret holding a cross and book was swallowed by dragon and spat out b c of cross Mary displaying infant Jesus flower symbolism white lily purity stock of wheat mourning death columbine seven of these for the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit wisdom intellect advice strength knowledge reverence and the fear of God Jan van Eyck The Arnolfini Portrait 1434 marriage ceremony involves holding hands right hands dextrarum junctio joining of hands in this painting alternate hands because she is of higher social status fides levata oath taken with right hand raised figures are not heroic or strong bodies are thin and fragile Arnolfini was here shows that painter was witness chandelier with one candle extinguished before end of ceremony to symbolize loss of virginity deep dark shadows featuring black creates huge value variation in brightness dog symbol of fidelity dark medium black translucency Jan van Eyck The Virgin and Child with Canon George van der Paele 1436 the Virgin on throne as queen of Heaven the altar itself Scenes on either side of the Virgin s throne reflect good evil St George as knight St Zenobius is bishop saint portrayed naturally with imperfections the garment shows reflection of light jewels in cross each has textural illusion patron George van der Paele appears nervous and devout kneels very close to the Virgin shows that God is becoming more approachable in the minds of the people seen as God of love and forgiveness as opposed to wrathful Translucency the quality of allowing light to pass through diffusely Triptych a picture carving in three panels side by side 15th Century Italian Art Early Renaissance Architecture and Sculpture Romans used mathematical principles in architecture especially Pythagorean principles of proportion They built in modular space creating a sense of harmony Renaissance characterized by classical ideas proportion and a bit of Gothic Byzantine tradition Florence Italy Arno River divides the city center is old founded as a Roman camp streets are in a rectilinear pattern castra gridlike rectangle in order to organize military buildings Middle Ages had a chaotic street layout most of the Florence Cathedral was built in Gothic style during the Middle Ages during time when economy was booming Opera del Duomo The Cathedral Workshop or works commission founded by city of Florence in 1296 to oversee construction of the Florence Cathedral and bell tower could not find wooden centering big enough to support the cathedral s dome Fillippo Brunelleschi wins contest for idea to build dome completes it inspired by ancient temple of the Pantheon with its dome 142 1420 1436 feet in length laid bricks in spiral pattern with double shell layer octagonal drum with ribs attached to its points lantern structure on top has windows to let light stream in Classical Architectural Order Greek Doric fluted Tuscan Ionic Corinthian Composite Source www gopixpic com Pazzi Chapel begun 1440 uses phi principle imperfectly columns modeled on Corynthian columns dome based on conical profile Palazzo Medici Riccardi 1444 1484 commissioned by Medici family later owned by the Riccardi Donatello David c 1420 1450 sculpture of David 5 feet tall nude the bronze casting used was a pioneering achievement face portrays natural youth shows appreciation of the human body relaxed contrapposto stance Nanni di Banco Four Crowned Saints c 1408 1414 for guild of stone and wood workers Gothic arch relief sculpture Goliath giant Philistine warrior defeated by young David a representation of paganism contrasting with David who was the champion of the God of Israel Philistines pagans featured in the bible Hercules divine hero from classical mythology of Greece famous for his strength and many adventures Antaeus half giant son of two gods Poseidon and Gaia defeated in a wrestling match by Hercules Module an arbitrarily assigned unit used to regulate the dimensions proportions or construction of the parts of a building in classical architecture a unit of measure based on the diameter of a column Modular repeating the same measurements and form throughout the design Proportions numerical ratios used in building design by the ancient Greeks and Romans and adopted by the humanists Golden Section a ratio based on phi where the ratio of the whole line A to the large segment B equals the ratio of the large segment B to the small segment C Spandrel the triangular space between two arches or between an arch and a rectangular enclosure serves as a decorative space Roundel a small circular decorative plate used often in Renaissance courtyards a roundel window is a small ornate and circular window Entablature horizontal part that rests on a column and consists of architrave frieze and cornice Architrave lowermost part of the entablature rests directly on column Frieze part of entablature that lies between architrave and cornice Cornice uppermost part of entablature a section of moldings a projecting cornice is the part on the top of the building designed to direct rainwater away from the walls of the structure Pilaster a shallow rectangular column attached to the face of a wall capital base and shaft in two dimensions Duomo a cathedral church Drum base of dome Palazzo multistory building Primo piano piano nobile first floor of a large multi story building Rustication masonry that is squared off but has a rough outer surface and wide joints emphasizing the edges of each block often used to give apparent weight to the ground floor Ashlar masonry that is squared off and smoothly finished usually on upper levels Fenestration the design and placement of the windows in a building also an opening in