Important Phylogenic Classes Bacteria Firmicutes o Morphology Gram positive Rod shaped or spherical o Metabolically diverse in how they obtain and use materials o Can cause diseases o Are used to ferment milk into cheese and yogurt Spirochaete o Morphology Corkscrew in shape o Metabolism Mostly ATP via fermentation o Habitat o Diseases Actinobacteria o Morphology Mainly found in aquatic environments Causes of Lyme disease and Syphilis in humans Gram positive Rod or filament like in structure o Metabolism Mostly heterotrophs other means o Streptomycin 500 antibiotics Gets their ATP from another creature through consumption or some Bacteria use antibiotics to fight off other bacteria when trying to get food or other resources Is the cause of both Leprosy and tuberculosis o Diseases o Habitat Abundant in soil Acts as a decomposer of dead organisms Some act a Nitrogen fixators in the nitrogen cycle Some of the most abundant organisms on earth Also relatively old due to their importance in making the atmosphere oxygen Cyanobacteria o AKA Blue green algae rich o Morphology Shape varies greatly Single cells Chains Colonies o Metabolism Oxygenic photosynthesis o Produces toxins Algal blooms Biomagnification of toxins Responsible for the oxygen atmosphere that we have today How toxins affect the organisms in the higher trophic levels more than those at the lower trophic levels due to accumulation of biomass Chlamydiae o Morphology Spherical in shape Often very small compared to other species o Habit metabolism Live as parasites in animal cells Heterotrophs o Diseases One of the most common causes of blindness in humans Eukarya Protists Amoebozae o Lack any type of cell walls o Engulf their food in order to eat it o Lobose and other amoeba 40000 species Morphology Can be up to 5mm in diameter Relatively undefined in shape Contains 1 100s of nuclei Some do not contain any mitochondria Feeding movement Move with the use of pseudopodia Cytoplasm streaming is another rarer form of movement Feed by engulfing their prey and breaking it down Reproduction Asexual Human ecological impact Amoebic dysentery infects 50 million individuals Many are parasites or communists in the guts of vertebrates Excavata o Most species of this group have a feeding groove Early type of mouth o Many species have lost their mitochondria o Responsible for many bacterial diseases o Diplomonad 100 Species Morphology 2 nuclei per organism No cell wall present No mitochondria Feeding movement Some are parasitic o Usually some mitochondrial genes are present showing that at one point a mitochondria was present o Ones that causes diseases can considered parasitic to humans Discovered in the feces of van Lecumenhock Some are known to ingest bacteria Swim with the use of a flagella Possess a feeding groove where food goes Reproduction Asexual Human ecological impact Intestinal parasites and commensals o Euglendia 1000 Species Morphology Some have gained a chloroplast Have a palliate interlocking protein under cell membrane Disc shaped cristae can be found in mitochondria Unicellular Feeding movement Ingest bacteria primarily About a third of the species are photosynthetic Swim with flagella Some have an eyespot o Where an eye should have developed or will develop after evolution Reproduction Asexual Human ecological impact Component of plankton in freshwater Rhizaria o Currently only defined by the molecular data o Foraminifera 1000 species Morphology Single celled organisms Possess many nuclei Contain shells that contain CaCO3 Feeding movement Engulf food with the use of pseudopodia Floats in water o Very little self movement Some have algal mutualists o For food or movement purposes Reproduction Asexual Some sexual reproduction may occur Human ecological impact Fossils can be found in chalk limestone and marble Important in carbon data due to shells on the ocean floor Aleovalata o Small sacs called alveoli are found under plasma membranes o Responsible for malaria toxins during red tides o Dinoflagellata 4000 species Morphology Most are unicellular Some species form colonies with each other Contain cellulose No histones in DNA Feeding movement About half are photosynthetic The rest are mainly parasitic or predatory Swim with the use of a flagella Reproduction Both Sexual and Asexual reproduction Can form cysts Human ecological impact Primary producers o Mainly because of photosynthesis Coral mutualists Cause of red tides Most are ocean dwelling organisms Stramnopiles o Have flagella with hollow hairs o Known for potato blight o Diatoms 10000 species Morphology Unicellular Cell walls are made of silica Feeding movement Photosynthetic Float or glide along the top of the water Reproduction Asexual and sexual characteristics Human ecological impacts Responsible for fixing most of the carbon in the ocean Diatomaceous earth Important in plankton o Phaeophyceae 1500 species AKA brown algae Morphology All species are multicellular Cell walls contain cellulose Have leaf and stem structure Feeding and movement Photosynthetic o Have unique pigments known to photosynthetic organisms Held in place by a holdfast o A structure equivalent to the roots of plants o Generations of offspring that are haploid and generation that is Reproduction Asexual and sexual characteristics Alteration of generations diploid Human ecological impact Kelp forests Sargasso sea o Environments for smaller fish Plants Glaucophyte algae o 13 species o Morphology Unicellular o Feeding movement o Reproduction Rhodophyta o AKA red algae o 6000 species o Morphology Can exist in a multicellular colony Many chloroplasts Peptidoglycan in the chloroplasts 2 flagella Colonial form when offspring stay attached to parental cell walls Cell walls composed of cellulose Multicellular Red patches of phycoerythine o Feeding and morphology Photosynthetic Don t move o Reproduction Held in place by a structure resembling a root system Possess both sexual and asexual characteristics Goes through alternation of generations o Human ecological impacts Contribute to the formation of coral reefs Noni is roughly a billion dollar a year industry Green Algae o Paraphyletic group o One of the most important aquatic primary producers o Closest living relative to land plants by both morphology and DNA o Many green algae are harbored by unicellular Protists o Ulvophytes 4000 species Form Habitat Reproduction Varies between unicellular and multicellular Many aquatic habitats o Lakes streams and