Exam 3 LER 100 Early days Colonies had high wages and prices British ban on skilled labor slavery indentured servants in America First strikes protests over price regulation Industrial revolution harsh working condition Precursors to Union Child labor 16 hour days of work Early Unionism Skilled craftsman were first group to band together better wages Conspiracy doctrine declares unions to be illegal criminal activity o Cordwardiners shoe maker cause of doctrine CommonWealth vs hunt revisits unions as legal as long as not trying to do something illegal legal Yellow dog contract signing a statement saying you wont form a union o type of loyalty o enforce these contracts o contractual relationship Knights of labor They didn t want strikes wanted arbitration Terence Powderly Abolition of child worker and government regulation of phones Late 1800 s VIOLENT Molly Maguire s conspiracy for 10 years coal miners north east pa railroad steal meat packing union to resist wage cuts hired pinkerton agent by employer to watch the conspiracy 10 were killed for murdering through being hung disguised as women in time as Ireland Hay market affairs lockout of workers McCormick Harvester Works Plant and the workers were on strike then fight and 4 people crossed picket got killed by police 4000 people to haymarket square peaceful Chicago strike to protest shooting Someone then bombed the strike and police thought it was them being violent 10 people were shot Homestead strike 1892 Pittsburgh pa steal workers henry frik depended a ne contact so the workers strike hired Pinkertons to guard plant where steal was being made dozens on men were killed Pullman strike 1894 Eugene Debs railroads wage cuts and they still had to pay for their life lead to strike Illinois outside of Chicago railroad workers burned railroad cars Exam 3 LER 100 American Federation of labor Business philosophy Gompers practical man Organize skilled workers around crafts No bargaining in its own but huge resource today for unions Clayton act declared that labor of humans is not a commodity or arcity of commerce The Great Depression Stock market collapse Unemployment jumps 3 2 24 9 National labor relations Act 1935 importance of unions 1920 s Open shop discouraged Unions yet had company run unions Union is the Late 1930 1940 Union membership grew more strikes Taft Hartley Act restrictions on strikes made closed shops ILLEGAL in the U S government has authority to intervene in strikes added a list of ULP Union shops determined by state Union 1950 PEAK at 1950 Unions AFL CIO merged together o Promotes political objectives and CBA Corruption teamsters Landrum Griffin Act Union 1960 Rank and file unrest Birth of high tech industries Economic growth Civil rights movements urban riots Rise of Public Sector Unionism No right to strike lockout for many workers impasse resolved through arbitration Union 1970 s Union 1980 Stability and atrophy involved Regan wins presidency PACTO strike Airlines Regan fires the people Decline of manufacturing mining metal industries Rise of services in health care high tech sectors Union membership decline Deindustrialization factories moved to China o Decline in manufacture work increase in service Exam 3 LER 100 Unions in 1990 Low unemployment strong economy Reorganization at work Huge technological change Use of contingent labor used immigrants were not unionized Union 2000 Workplace conflict moves from public to private sector Decline of unionism Union emphasis on organizing Main players Employers unions government What do unions do Politics and Unions Membership Represent members interests improve lives economically provide checks and balance provide strong productivity negotiate and administrate contracts No substantial party in U S yet union do have a political agenda Peaked 1950s about 35 currently is 11 3 Occupations 35 3 public sector are unionized 6 7 private o Highest education training library protective services o Lowest sales occupations farming fishing forestry occupation age 14 5 55 64 4 2 18 24 Top 5 NY AL HI WA RI Low NC AR MI UT government is largest union membership Public sector Five LARGEST U S Unions 1 National Education Association NEA 2 Service Employees SEIU 3 State County and Municipal Workers AFSCME 4 Teamster IBT 5 United Food and Commercial Workers UFCW Union Structures federations o AFL CIO federation of national unions No formal authority in collective bargaining but resourceful o Change to win break away federations of unions Less focus on political agendas and parties more on the Union National itself o Craft workers from a specific profession or trade o Industrial all workers in an industry Exam 3 LER 100 o They have governed by constitution hold conventions elected presidents staff Local o Employees elect local officers attend meetings o Interact with the problems of the employees in the UNION o Grievance process and strike activities Management reason to oppose Unions o Decreases management control increase management costs views unions as troublemakers outsiders undermine loyalty Management Approaches get this info from LAN southern strategies moving plant down south where unionism is weaker ADR alternative dispute resolution Double breasting hiring non union workers in separate to union to supplement some of the work of the higher paying union workers Organizing a Union o National Labor Relations Act 1935 o Covered all employees except Government employees Supervisors Agricultural workers Domestic Railroad workers only covers certain private sectors o Section 1 Motivation for NLRA orderly and peaceful recognition of unions and use of collective bargaining Declaration that U S policy is to encourage the practice of collective bargaining o Section 2 Define terms used in the act employer employee supervisor Employer any person acting in the interest of an employer Employee covered by NLRA excluded agricultural government employees employed by parent or spouse independent contractors and domestic supervisor individual who has authority to hire transfer suspend layoff recall promote discharge reward and discipline other employees Establishes the NLRB Five members appointed by president and confirmed by senate o Section 3 o Section 7 Exam 3 LER 100 Grants employees right to organize and collective bargain self organize allows employers to hire temp permanent replacement and lockouts does not allow secondary boycotts o Section 8 lists ULP unfair labor practices A employer ULP B