HDFS 202 Fall 2014 EXAM 1 Study Guide Chapters 1 4 ON TEST 320 million people live in the US Why do we need family Procreation socialization economic emotional security social status Essential family function because it replenishes the o Procreation country s population o Socialization The process of acquiring the language accumulated knowledge attitudes beliefs and values of one s society and culture and learning the social and interpersonal skills needed to function o Economic Security o Emotional Security Families supply food shelter clothing and other resources to ensure a family s physical survival Families provide the love comfort and emotional support that children need to develop into happy healthy and secure adults Primary and secondary groups o Social Status Group of people who have a similar standing or rank based on wealth education power prestige and other valued resources Women in the work force o The high participation of mothers in the workforce since the 1980 s has been one of the most striking changes in US families o The percentage of 2 earner married couples with children under the age of 18 surged from 31 in 1976 to 54 in 2010 o More than 6 out of every 10 women with children under the age of 6 are in the workforce Different definitions of family o Family textbook definition Intimate group of 2 or more people who 1 live together in a committed relationship 2 care for one another and any children and 3 share activities and close emotional ties o Family traditionally Unit made up of two or more people who are related by blood marriage or adoption Group of people who love and care for each other legal o Family informal issues arise o Family US Census Beauru Two or more people living together who are related by marriage birth or adoption A family in which non relatives are accepted as part of o Fictive Kin the family o Kinship System blood or adoption o Family Household A network of people who are related by marriage Consists of 2 or more people living together who are related through marriage birth or adoption o Family of Orientation o Family of Procreation Family you were born into you were the child Family formed through marriage or having kids you are the parent Nuclear Family vs Extended Family o Nuclear Family A family made up of a wife husband and their biological or adopted children o Extended Family A family that consists of parents and children as well as their kin such as uncles aunts nieces nephews etc Demographic trends with respect to families o US birthrates have declined o The average age of the population rose from 17 in the mid o Both of these shifts more people experiencing empty nest o Americans live longer and must care for both children and 1800 s to 37 in 2011 syndrome elderly parents o Divorce rate decreased since 1980 s o Ethnic diversity booming Quantitative vs Qualitative research methods surveys population sample o Qualitative research methods nonnumeric data o Quantitative research methods A data collection process that examines and interprets A data collection process that focuses on a numerical analysis of people s responses or specific characteristics Research Methods 6 major methods o Surveys Researchers use surveys to systematically collect information or data through questionnaires or interviews It is important to have a representative sample sample representative of larger population of the population that you are interested in a study Limitations Response bias low response rate people may not be honest o Clinical Research Studies individuals or small groups Often relies on case studies or on in depth informative interview about one person Case studies typically linked with long term counseling which can be beneficial for individuals and families o Field Research Researchers collect data about people by observing them in their natural surroundings Highly structured Two kinds of observation Non Participant Observations Researchers do not interact with their subjects Participant Observation Researchers do interact with their subjects Limitations Expensive must be done in same time period Ex Margaret Mead Are children rebellious when become teenagers or not It s culture that makes teens rebellious o Secondary analysis Researchers review material that has been collected by other researchers Accessible convenient and inexpensive o Experiments Very structured artificial situation that allows the researcher to control certain variables Cause and effect can be established Drawback Reliance on volunteers or paid subjects o Evaluation Research Industrial Revolution o Characterized by transformations in the average level of education of the population massive declines in birth and death rates and an explosion in the number and size of cities in the west o Development of inequality in the family o Shift from producing to consumption buying Theoretical Approaches o Structural Functionalism Social Darwinists as precursors Talcott Parsons Structural Functional Theory Nuclear family structure with a focus upon the marital bond rather than the kinship group Family has a social system gender roles stability order Examines how a societies interdependent parts work together to ensure it s survival Ex Through socialization and procreating Darwin Struggle for existence and survival of the fittest possible that conflict and struggle are a biological phenomena and central to human existence Natural selection origin of families will tell us where families are going all through stages o Social Conflict Marxism Conflict Theory Examines how groups disagree struggle for power and compete for scarce resources such as wealth and power Conflict is natural and inevitable among humans Humans are hierarchal and struggle with eachother See society as a place with widespread inequality Value of dialectic Dynamism Main contribution Family as an economic unit Now work and family separated Men s work became more valuable than women s o Feminist Frame of Reference Feminist theories examine social economic and political inequality between women and men in society Foundational belief Gender always matters in social relations Women and men have different experiences Women are actively oppressed by men Feminist are wary of traditional family arrangements o Symbolic Interactions Examines the everyday behavior of individuals 4 basic assumptions 1 Families and marriages must be studies in their own 2 Family and marriage can only be understood in context of social setting 3