In this chapter you will how and why there as a shift in cultural influence from the clergy to the middle class during the 15th century You will also learn about the widespread advancement of International Gothic between court patrons and artists The Advancement of Literacy How did the church become divided during the 15th century After the Pope visited Avignon France a fraction of the papacy remained in France on his return to Rome This led to a difference in believe that escalated to a division between the people and the church What movement spurred the development of the Printing Press After the division of the church a new movement called Modern Devotion was created to give common people the right to read sacred texts for themselves rather than being read to by the church The Advancement of Visual Art Why did visual art change in the 15th century Visual art changed in the 15th century because merchants and middle class citizens were able to afford art being made for them Visual art also changed because of the introduction of oil painting used by the Netherland artists The International Gothic French Royal Family How did the French Gothic style develop into a new style called International Gothic Because aristocratic patrons were fascinated with the French Gothic style many artists from different regions were attracted to the patrons Who were the most famous patrons of the International Gothic The French Royal families were the most famous patrons of the International Gothic Who was one of the chief sculptors of Carthusian monastery Chartreuse de Champmol that was commissioned by Duke Philip the Bold in Burgundy Claus Sluter was one of the chief sculptors of the Carthusian monastery Chartreuse de Champmol What was the most symbolic sculpture in the International Gothic style The Well of Moses was the most symbolic in the International Gothic style Which artist did Duke Philip commission to make the Infancy of Christ altarpiece in the monastery Duke Philip commissioned Melchior Broederlam to make the Infancy of Christ altarpiece in the monastery What elements did Broederlam use within the altarpiece Broederlam uses architectural and landscape forms in the altarpiece as well as International Gothic style Illuminated Manuscripts What manuscript illumination was influenced by Broederlam s art Les Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry The Very Rich Hours of the Duke of Berry is a manuscript illumination created by the Limbourg brothers that was influenced by Broederlam What is the most famous page of the book The most famous pages in the book are the calendar pages that illustrate the yearly cycle of nature and social activities The New Art Style Where did most of the artists who were commissioned by courtly patrons come from Most of the artists who were commissioned by courtly patrons came from the southern Netherlands Who was a naturalistic painter who rose to fame in Tournai Robert Campin was a naturalistic painter who rose to fame in Tournai What famous piece of Campin s depicts the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary A famous piece of Campin is the Merode Triptych which depicts the Annunciation of the Virgin Mary What is the difference between the Merode and previous verisons of the Annunciation The difference the Merode and previous versions of the Annunciation is the setting in which the scene takes place Usually the event is held in an ecclesiastical building however the Virgin and the angel Gabriel are centered in a bourgeois house Jan van Eyck Who was a well known name in Flanders that was credited with the invention of oil painting and the dramatic realism demonstrated in his art Jan van Eych was a well known name in Flanders who was credited with the invention of oil painting and the dramatic realism demonstrated in his art Which court patron did Jan work with until his death Jan worked with Philip the Good until his death What is the most famous of early Flemish paintings from Jan One of the most famous of early Flemish paintings is Jan s Ghent Altarpiece What other art did Jan make besides the paintings made for the court and middle class citizens While he was commissioned by the court and middle class citizens Jan also made secular or non religious paintings What is Jan s most famous and studied secular piece that depicts a man and woman holdings hands The Arnolfini Portrait is Jan s most famous and studied secular piece that depicts a man and a woman holding hands Rogier van der Weyden Who was a graduate from the artist guild who was inspired by Jan van Eych to create expressive content within his art Rogier van der Weyden was a graduate from the artist guild that was inspired by Jan van Eyck to create expressive content within his art What is Rogier s most influential piece Rogier s most influential piece is the Descent from the Cross that depicts Christ s followers taking his body off the cross Late 15th Century Visual Art What three artists influenced and inspired many artists in the Netherlands and other regions to create secular paintings The art of Campin Jan and Rogier influenced and inspired many artists in the Netherlands and other regions to create similar secular paintings Sculptures Books and Tapestries As well as the increasing interest in painting what other form of art was also popular during the Late 15th century As well as the increasing interest in painting sculptures books and tapestries were valued during the Late 15th century Duke Charles the Bold of Burgundy commissioned which artist to sculpt the Statuette of Charles the Bold Duke Charles the Bold of Burgundy commissioned which Gerad Loyet to sculpt the Statuette of Charles the Bold What was the Statuette of Charles the Bold made entirely of The Statuette of Charles the Bold made entirely of gold and silver along with slight enamel details Why did court patrons value illuminated manuscripts over books created by the Printing Press Court patrons valued illuminated manuscripts over books created by the Printing Press because custom books could be made to suit the qualities and personal needs of the patrons What illuminated manuscript depicts the last duchess of Burgundy and daughter of Charles the Bold Mary The Hours of Mary is the illuminated manuscript that depicts the last duchess of Burgundy and daughter of Charles the Bold Mary What tapestry is heavily inspired by paintings that demonstrate space and naturalism The Penelope Weaving is a tapestry that is heavily inspired by paintings that