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The Echoes of an English Voice

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Chapter 8: The Echoes of an English Voice (293-336)The Story of EnglishThe Raj: The sun never sets on the British Empire.English Raj (McCrum 274/297)CockneyCockney English (London’s West End) (McCrum 278/302)Cockney in Culture & LiteratureSlide 8Cockney Rhyming SlangSlide 10Foreign Influences on CockneyBack SlangMarket LanguageSlide 14Slide 15Slide 16Cockney FriendshipAustralian English (McCrum 286/311)Australian EnglishMore Australian EnglishWaltzing MatildaSlide 22Is Australian English like British or American English?Slide 24Let Stalk StrineSlide 26Australian Social & Gender DialectsWhat is a Pommy?Barry HumphriesDame Nellie MelbaNew Zealand English (McCrum 302/331)New Zealand EnglishNew Zealand & Britain!South African English & Afrikans (McCrum 303/332)!English vs. Afrikaans in South Africa!!Afrikaaner words in English!!!Accompanying DVD!!!Works Cited34 1Chapter 8: The Echoes of an English Voice (293-336)The Echoes of an English Voice34 2The Story of EnglishBy Don L. F. NilsenBased on The Story of EnglishBy Robert McCrum, Robert MacNeil and William Cran (Penguin, 2003)34 3The Raj:The sun never sets on the British Empire.•English East-end convicts (Cockney speakers) were sent to New South Wales, Australia.•British loyalists ended up in New Zealand.•British subjects also colonized Rhodesia (Cape Colony) in Southern Africa, Singapore, Hong Kong, parts of China, parts of Canada, India, Pakistan, Burma, Afghanistan, Thailand, Tanzania, the Falkland Islands and America.•(McCrum 293-294)34 4English Raj (McCrum 274/297)34 5Cockney•The word “Cockney” refers to a “cock’s egg,” and is considered of little value.•In the 16th century, Cockney was the language of all Londoners who were not part of the Court.•During the industrial revolution, the destitute farmers in Essex, Suffolk, Kent, and Middlesex moved to London’s East End. This is where Cockney developed.•(McCrum 295)34 6Cockney English (London’s West End) (McCrum 278/302)34 7Cockney in Culture & Literature•Cockney is the language of the girls murdered by Jack the Ripper.•Cockney is the language of Sam Weller in Charles Dickens’s Pickwick Papers.•Cockney is the language of George Bernard Shaw’s Eliza Doolittle•Cockney is the language of Sweeney Todd.•Cockney is the language of Michael Cain in Alphie•Cockney is the language of Charles Dickens’ Oliver Twist.34 8•Cockney speakers say “year’oles” and “chimbley” for “ear holes” and “chimney.”•They say “bruvver” for “brother.”•In “butter,” “bottle” and “rotten” they have a glottal stop.•They drop the final –g in “eatin’” and “drinkin.’”•They often use the tag, “isn’t it.”•They have an intrusive –r in “gone,” “off” and “cough” so they become “gorn,” “orf” and “corf.”•“You” becomes “yer”; “tomato” and “potato” become “tomater” and “potater”•“God help us,” and “God blind me” become “Gawdelpus” and “Gorblimey.”•(McCrum 300-301)34 9Cockney Rhyming Slang•In Cockney rhyming slang “row” and “table” become “bull and cow” and “Cain and Abel.”•“Suit”  “whistle and flute”; “hat”  “tit-for-tat”; “gloves”  “turtle-doves”; “boots”  “daisyroots”; “nude”  “in the rude”; breast  “Bristol City”; wife  “trouble and strife”; “liar”  “holy friar”; “money”  “bees and honey”; and “talk”  “rabbit and pork”34 10•In Cockney Rhyming Slang, the word for “teeth” is “Edward Heath,” because this was one of the prominent feature’s of the premier’s smile. And “John Selwyn” became the word for “Bummer” because his last name was Gummer.•Because Cockney Rhyming Slang is an Argot, the speakers try to make the expressions cryptic, therefore the expressions above get reduced to: whistle, titfer, turtles, daisies, Bristols, trouble, holy, bees, and rabbit. •The word for “backside” is “Khyber.” This is because of the British soldiers who had been stationed in the “Khyber Pass.”•(McCrum 303-305)34 11Foreign Influences on Cockney•The Cockney word “pal” for “friend” is the Romany word for “brother.” “Dukes” is the Romany word for hands, as in the expression, “Put up your Dukes.”•The Cockney words “schlemiel” (idiot), “schmutter” (clothing), “gelt” (money), and “nosh” (food) come from Yiddish.•Cockney “parlyvoo” (chat), “San fairy ann” (it doesn’t matter), and “ally toot sweet” (hurry up) come from French.•And Cockney “bullshit” (rubbish) comes from American English. (McCrum 306)34 12Back Slang•Another secret language that developed during the 19th Century was back slang.•Instead of saying the numbers “one, four, five and six” they would say “eno, rouf, efiv and xis.•In back slang, “fat” and “boy” become “taf” and “yob.” (McCrum 303)34 13Market Language•When greengrocers trade wholesale in fruits and vegetables, they are sometimes talking to two or three customers at the same time. The greengrocer might say,•“Right, George, you can be a rouf there.” and he knows that he has bought at four pounds, and the other person, who might be buying the same thing for five pounds, doesn’t know.34 14•The slang numbers that are used in London’s East End are meant to be confusing.•Cow’s calf is “half,” “nicker is “one,” bottle is “two,” carpet is “three,” rouf is four,” jacks is “five,” Tom Nicks is “six,” neves is “seven,” garden gate is “eight,” and cock and hen or cockle is “ten.” One greengrocer remarks,•“There’s no rules. The other day this bloke said, ‘Do they come to an Alan Whicker then?’ Meaning ‘nicker,’ which is a pound.”•(McCrum 304-305)34 15•In My Fair Lady, Eliza Doolittle is Professor Pickering’s Project. •She doesn’t pronounce /h/ sounds and she adds /t/ to words like “orphant” and “sermont.”•She pronounces “thrust,” “farthing” and “feather” as “frust,” “farding” and “fever.”(McCrum 295)34 16•Instead of “flowers” and “Go on” and “A B C” she says “flars,” and “Garn” and “Ay-ee, Ba-yee, Sa-yee.” •She doesn’t pronounce her /h/ sound and has to learn “In Hartford, Hereford and Hampshire, hurricanes hardly every happen.”•She pronounces


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