Unformatted text preview:

Describe six areas of neuroscience that are particularly relevant to biopsychological Study Guide for Optional Final Exam Fall 2015 BIOPSYCHOLOGY AS A NEUROSCIENCE Structure of the nervous system Functions and activities of the nervous system inquiry o Neuroanatomy o Neurophysiology o Neurochemistry o Neuropathology Chemical bases of neural activity Nervous system disorders o Neuropharmacology o Neuroendocrinology Effects of drugs on neural activity Interactions between the nervous system and the endocrine system Thinking about the biology of behavior in terms of traditional physiological psychological and nature nurture dichotomies is flawed Explain and discuss o So behavior is not physiological or psychological What is psychological is physiological o Clinical Implications The study of diseased or damaged brains leads to new knowledge new knowledge leads to new treatments o The evolutionary perspective Consideration of environmental pressures on human evolution May use a comparative approach o Neuroplasticity Brain is plastic not static o What is the relationship between the mind and the brain Dualism vs monism Mind Brain Connection Monoism The mind is what the brain does What affects the brain affects the mind Stimulate brain activity evoke experiences or behavioral tendencies o Drugs of abuse stimulate certain brain regions reinforce behavior EVOLUTION GENETICS AND EXPERIENCE GENETICS What is heritability how do we study it and what are the problems with studying it be sure to include twin studies and how the data are interpreted o Estimate of how much of the variance in a characteristic within a population is due to differences in heredity genes In a group of participants what is the contribution of genetic differences to phenotypic differences In this classroom what is the contribution of genetic differences to Hair color Eye color o Biochemical methods Identification of certain genes linked to behaviors or disorders o This begs more questions Probs How much is the gene associated w the condition How does it produce its effect What environmental conditions moderate or exacerbate its effect Can we undo the effect if it s undesirable o Twin and adoption studies Greater concordance in MZ twins than DZ twins The more DNA 2 individuals share the more likely they are to share a trait Suggests high heritability Same concordance in MZ twins and DZ twins Amount of shared DNA doesn t impact likelihood of sharing trait Suggests low heritability Twins Reared Apart The Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart o 59 pairs of monozygotic MZ twins identical Exact same genetic sequence o 47 pairs of dizygotic DZ twins fraternal Genetic sequence as similar as siblings o Extensive intelligence and personality testing o Adult MZ twins more similar on all measures than adult DZ twins They don t have to be reared apart o Twin studies o Resemblence MZ DZ high heritabiltiy MZ vs DZ The more DNA 2 individuals share the more likely they are to share a trait if the trait has high heriability o Resemblence MZ DZ low heritability The amount of DNA that 2 individuals share has no impact on a trait if the trait has low heritability o Problems w Twin studies o MZ twins usually share chorion and blood supply ie more similar prenatal environment compared to DZ twins so could be genetics or could be prenatal environment o These studies assume that DZ twins are treated as similarly as MZ twins because assume exact same environment What is a sex linked gene Understand the heritability of sex linked genes What is a sex limited gene What are examples of each sex linked and sex limited o Sex Linked Genes The genes on the sex chromosomes X and Y Usually on the X b c it has lots more genes on it than the Y o Consider a gene on the X chromosome If a male gets this gene he will display the trait A female must get it on BOTH of her X chromosomes to display the trait If a female has it on 1 X chromosome and not the other she is a carrier o Examples of Sex Linked Genes Fragile X Syndrome Red green color blindness Duchenne muscular dystrophy Hemophilia o Sex limited genes Present in both sexes but has an effect only mostly in one sex Genes are on autosomal chromosomes and turned on under influence of sex hormones o Exmples of Sex Limited genes Genes for chest hair men breast size women Terms to know and understand DNA RNA gene chromosome transcription translation homozygous heterozygous dominant recessive o DNA structure Double stranded molecule Four base pairs Self replicating A T C G base pairs o Chromosomes Chromosomes are in the nucleus of the cell and contain DNA Sequence of DNA gene Sometimes genes overlap on a stretch of chromosome Chromosomes come in pairs usually so genes come in pairs The genes you have for a trait are your genotype Humans have 22 paired autosomal chromosomes 2 sex chromosomes o When a gene is turned on or expressed it is made into RNA transcription and o Transcription then into a protein translation DNA RNA goes to cytoplasm codon and attaches appropriate amino acid o Translation a strand of RNA is copied from one of the strands of exposed Messenger RNA attaches to a ribosome ribosome reads each o Two genes that control the same trait are called alleles Homozygous Heterozygous Dominant homozygous condition identical alleles for a trait BB or ww different alleles for a trait Bw a gene that shows a strong effect in the heterozygous or Huntington s disease Recessive condition so you need identical alleles a gene that shows a strong effect only in the homozygous Attached earlobes are recessive kind of Define epigenetics How does the concept of epigenetics blur the line between nature and o Epigenetics The structure of the coiled DNA has important implications for gene nurture expression To express a gene the coil where the gene is located needs to be loosened Chemical groups methyl and acetyl can loosen or tighten the coil to increase or decrease the likelihood of expression o Epigenetics Mechanisms 1 Histone remodeling modifications to a histone protein around which DNA is coiled can either decrease or increase gene expression 2 DNA methylation the attachment of a methyl group to DNA tends to reduce the expression of adjacent genes o Epigenetic alterations histone remodeling methylation acetylation can occur based on experience and they are heritable CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Neuron Basic unit of the nervous system Know the parts of a neuron and their functions Be able to label the parts of a


View Full Document

FSU PSB 2000 - BIOPSYCHOLOGY AS A NEUROSCIENCE

Documents in this Course
Emotions

Emotions

21 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

17 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

34 pages

EXAM 2

EXAM 2

3 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

7 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

15 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

15 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

7 pages

Emotions

Emotions

21 pages

Chapter 1

Chapter 1

19 pages

Notes

Notes

28 pages

Notes

Notes

18 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

24 pages

Test 2

Test 2

10 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

21 pages

Test 4

Test 4

24 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

13 pages

Emotions

Emotions

21 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

16 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

15 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

13 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

7 pages

Exam #4

Exam #4

17 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

15 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

10 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

7 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

60 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

60 pages

Chapter 1

Chapter 1

17 pages

Chapter 1

Chapter 1

17 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

29 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

29 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

12 pages

EXAM 4

EXAM 4

7 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

26 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

19 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

29 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

19 pages

Vision

Vision

22 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

10 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

13 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

14 pages

Movement

Movement

37 pages

Test 3

Test 3

13 pages

Test 3

Test 3

10 pages

Genetics

Genetics

15 pages

Genetics

Genetics

12 pages

Genetics

Genetics

14 pages

Genetics

Genetics

14 pages

Neurons

Neurons

4 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

6 pages

Chapter 1

Chapter 1

16 pages

GENETICS

GENETICS

14 pages

Notes

Notes

13 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

18 pages

MOVEMENT

MOVEMENT

37 pages

Genetics

Genetics

13 pages

Genetics

Genetics

14 pages

Notes

Notes

9 pages

Notes

Notes

8 pages

Test #2

Test #2

20 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

10 pages

Test 1

Test 1

8 pages

Essay

Essay

12 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

22 pages

Vision

Vision

6 pages

Lecture 1

Lecture 1

80 pages

Exam 4

Exam 4

25 pages

Load more
Download BIOPSYCHOLOGY AS A NEUROSCIENCE
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view BIOPSYCHOLOGY AS A NEUROSCIENCE and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view BIOPSYCHOLOGY AS A NEUROSCIENCE 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?