Monday September 8 2014 12 01 PM 9 8 98 Functional Contributions of Lobes and Early Methods Used to Determine these Functions Neural networks Neuronal circuits Cognitive abilities Interaction of many processing mechanisms distributed in several regions of the brain Specific brain regions not responsible for specific mental faculties but are elementary processing units 1 Correlational a Paul Broca 1861 The patient Tan Broca recognized the left hemisphere lateralization of speech on parle avec l hemisphere gauche He couldn t produce speech His condition worsened Left hemisphere temporal lobe had a hole about the size of an egg Broca found this similar pattern in several other patients He concluded we speak with our left hemisphere i ii iii iv Tatsuji Inouye 1909 Russo Japanese War 1904 1905 b i ii Spinal syphillis He focused on vision in these war veterans He found if the had a blind spot in their upper visual field they had brain damage to the 2 Stimulation electrical specifically the neocortex No one was able to get anything when the electrically stimulated to the cortex a Fritsch and Hitzig 1870 i ii iii iv v vi They anestisied the dog and removed the brain Pulse of direct current they would touch different parts of the cortex but the did find paw movement Movement PRECentrAL gyrus contralateral movements Topographical Map 2 areas close together in the brain would cause 2 areas close together on the dog to move Symmetrical homotopic areas same effect Lesion of same area stimulated not total paralysis thus NO ONE Exam 1 Page 1 vi Lesion of same area stimulated not total paralysis thus NO ONE AREA IS in complete control b Wilder Penfield 1891 1976 i ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix x Physician had a special interest in epilepsy In epilepsy you get a focus point that spreads The surgery the patient is awake he would label different parts of the brain with a number He would then send an electrical impulse to and log what happened Diagram with precentral gyrus Motor cortex Topographical organization Crossing symmetry Size of representation and HOMUNCHUS extreme simplification Broad areas of primary motor cortex devoted to governing leg torso arm and head Cortex organized more by overall movements than muscles Postcentral gyrus right behind the central sulcus This are participates in somatosensory cortex Personal Space Light touch deep pressure joint and muscle position pain and temperature Also has topographical and crossing symmetry size of representation related to sensitivity upper and lower lip take up a lot of cortex hence your lips are very sensitive 1 It s a personal map of your body xi Primary Auditory Cortex hearing temporal lobe are that processes sound information Is deep in the lateral fissures Low tones are more lateral as you go in high tones Has tonotopic organization Parietal lobe Exam 1 Page 2