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Exam 1 Guide Chapter 1 Palo Alto team in California discovered Communication is inevitable Communication A social process in which individuals employ symbols to establish and interpret meaning in their environment key terms social symbols environment process meaning PROCESS When the text states that conversations change from one era to another this reflects process Concrete symbols Represent objects an avatar of yourself Abstract symbols Represent ideas or thoughts the notion of love Linear model of communication One way view of communication that assumes a message is sent by a source to a receiver through a channel Source Originator of the message Message Words sounds actions or gestures in an interaction Receiver Recipient of a message Channel Pathway to communication Noise Distortion in channel not intended by the source Semantic noise Linguistic influences on reception of message slang Physical external noise Bodily influences on reception of message actual noise Psychological noise Physiological noise Cognitive influences on reception of message other thoughts Biological influences on reception of language hunger According to communication researcher Frank Dance a spiral represents the processual nature of communication Interactional model of communication View of communication as the sharing of meaning with feedback that links source and receiver Feedback Communication given to the source by the receiver to indicate understanding meaning Field of experience Overlap of sender s and receiver s culture experiences and heredity in communication Transactional model of communication View of communication as the simultaneous sending and receiving of messages Ethics Perceived rightness or wrongness of an action or behavior Why study ethics It create a framework in which to make decisions about ethical behavior Ethics of communication We condemn communication that degrades individual and humanity We are committed to the courageous expression of personal convictions in pursuit of fairness and justice We advocate sharing information opinions and feelings while also respecting privacy and confidentiality We accept responsibility for the short and long term consequences of our own communication and expect the same of others Why study theory Fosters critical thinking skills Aids in understanding the scope of Research Helps us understand life experiences Essential to becoming aware of who we are and how we function in the world 1 The rhetorical tradition Focuses on most types of public speaking or public address and their roles in society Can also include any elements that relate to language and the audience Topics persuasion in public address 2 The semiotic tradition Deals with the study of signs and their role in society the primary focus is on meaning making Meaning is achieved when a common language is created and shared among the people Topics how words change as the people that use them change 3 The phenomenological tradition a Concerned with personal interpretation of everyday life Looks at a message or communicative situation from a personal perspective Works to eliminate biases or personal beliefs to uncover the authenticity of a message or dialogue Topics how gender impacts communicative style 4 The cybernetic tradition a Looks at communication as information science Considers the study of communication as an information science Looks at the broader systematic nature of communication as a process and focuses on elements within that process Topics how noise interferes with message understanding 5 The socio psychological tradition Seeks to understand the causes of behavior as a result of some aspect of communication Focuses mainly on the underlying relationships between variables that exist and how those variables differ depending on the individual or situation Topics how entertainment choice influences mood 6 The socio cultural tradition Existing shared culture and social structures which are already in place influence communication Scholars in this area advocate for the co creation of social reality to encourage individual points of view Topics studying the developments of cliques in school 7 The critical tradition Focuses on the current social order in society and how it negatively impacts society Seeks to expose the underlying beliefs and values within a society that impact decision making and actions Topics how the environment is used to drive consumerism CHAPTER 2 Contexts Environments in which communication takes place Situational contexts Environments that are limited by such factors as the number of people present the feedback the space between communicators among others Intrapersonal communication Communication with oneself 1 2 Interpersonal communication Face to face communication between people 3 Small group communication Communication among at least three individuals 4 Organizational communication Communication within and among large extended environments groups of groups 5 Public rhetorical communication The dissemination of information from one person to many public speaking 6 Mass media communication Communication to a large audience via various channels internet TV 7 Cultural communication Communication between and among individuals whose cultural backgrounds vary NOTES from textbook Dobkin and Pace communication has the potential to shape identities relationships environments and cultures 7 traditions in communication theoretical Craig on comm Theory complications of understanding comm Theory rooted in different intellectual styles Uses classification system 7 contexts practical approach traditions doesn t occur naturally happens over time o Craig Muller theorists invent new ideas to solve probs they perceive in existing ideas in a particular tradition traditions change frequently focus on traditions 1 RHETORICAL TRADITION practical art of talk Elements language and the audience audience appeals How we are influenced o interested in public address and speaking and their function in society o helps us understand influence of speech o ability to reflect on viewpoints before arriving personal view o Appeal Usefulness 2 SEMIOTIC TRADITION semiotic study of signs Elements signs that are words or cues meaning achieved thru shared language commonality difficult to arrive at o Things we consider natural in public discourse o Challenges idea that words have proper meaning 3 PHENOMENOLOGICAL TRADITION phenomenology is a personal interpretation of daily life intuitive


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FSU SPC 3210 - Exam 1 Guide

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