EXP3422C Study Guide 3 Professor Hammock Lectures 6 and 7 Topic Classical Pavlovian conditioning Associated reading 1 Chapter 4 Gluck et al 2nd Ed 2 classical conditioning in neonatal mice Journal Article Bollen et al 2012 Objectives Students will be able to identify accurate definitions descriptions for key words and ideas Students will be able to identify component parts of a classical conditioning event Students will be able to predict outcomes when presented with classical conditioning scenarios Students will be able to design classical conditioning procedures Students will be able to label brain substrates of classical conditioning in a prototypical example e g eye blink Figure 4 18 pg 148 or aplysia Figure 4 25 pg 159 Key words and ideas classical Pavlovian conditioning a form of learning in which an animal individual learns that one stimulus predicts an upcoming important event unconditioned stimulus A stimulus that naturally evokes a response unconditioned response A natural response to a stimulus Ex A dog salivating when seeing smelling food neutral stimulus conditioned stimulus A neutral stimulus does not naturally elicit a response When a NS is paired with a US it becomes a conditioned stimulus Thus the previously neutral response will now elicit a response Ex Bell NS Food UCS Salvation UCR Bell CS Salvation CR conditioned response a learned response appetitive and aversive conditioning Appetitive conditioning Learning to predict something that satisfies a desire or appetite Aversive conditioning Learning to avoid or minimize the consequences of an expected aversive event conditioning trial Single CT 1 presentation of the CS NS intertrial interval the time between trials interstimulus interval time between CS UCS test trial The CS elicits CR earlier than UCS with a UCR CS light Observe possible CR UCS shock UCR CS UCS UCR CR trace interval the gap between the end of the CS and the beginning of the US no stimulus occurs delay conditioning the CS continues throughout the trial and ends once the US has occurred trace conditioning The CS is turned off before the US begins It uses a shorter CS that terminates some time before the onset of the US requiring the animal to maintain a memory trace of the CS to associate with the US Fod poisoning operates under this backward conditioning The Neutral stimulus is presented at the end of the UCS there is overlap simultaneous conditioning The NS UCS occur at the same time excitatory CS and inhibitory CS conditioning Excitatory Inhibitory CS UCS UCR CS CR Ex Light CS shock Fear UR Light CS Fear CR CS NS tone NO UCS NO UCR CS NO CR Ex Tone NO Shock NO Fear Tone NO Fear acquisition Strengthen the CR after repeated presentation of the CS UCS learning rate the degree to which the prediction error changes current association weights asymptote extinction Procedure to reduce the strength of CR with repeated exposures of the CS without the UCS Extinction is NOT forgetting spontaneous recovery disinhibition The reappearance of CR with novel stimuli higher order conditioning This is achieved with delayed conditioning otherwise the stimulus doesn t offer any further prediction CS light UCS shock UCR frezzing after a period of training CS1 CR now you can pair new things CS2 tone CS1 light CR frezzing CS2 CR2 sensory preconditioning Prior presentation of two stimuli together as a compound results in a later tendency for any learning about one of these stimuli to generalize to the other pseudo conditioning Sensitization it s not stimulus specific prediction error Larger surprise MORE learning higher predication error blocking Blocking demonstrates that classical conditioning occurs only when a cue is both a useful and non redundant predictor of the future Ex Leon Kamin rats light found that the rat will learn very little about the tone because the tone does not improve the rat s ability to predict the shock error correction Errors on each trial lead to small changes in performance that seek to reduce the error on each trial leading to small changes in performance that seek to reduce the error on the next trial US modulation theories Proposes that the manner in which the US is processed determines what stimuli become associated with that US For example the Rescorla Wagner model Rescorla Wagner model The learning that takes place in a conditioning experiment can be predicted for each training trial by computing the prediction error Prediction error actual US expected US Key word prediction US CS modulation theories Propose that the way attention to different CSs is modulated determines which of them become associated with the US Ex MacKintosh model MacKintosh model Based on the observation that people and animals have a limited capacity for processing incoming information Meaning that paying attention to one stimulus diminishes our ability to attend to other stimuli Key word attention to CS ecological bias biologically constrained learning Causal relationships such as eating food and getting sick are a part of humans animals natural life latent inhibition A reduction in learning about a stimulus CS to which there has been prior exposure without any consequences that is no US brain substrates of classical conditioning eye blink model inferior olive interpositus nucleus cerebellar Purkinje cells and aplysia Eye blink model CS tone UCS air puff to eye UCR eye blink reflex Tone eye Inferior olive US pathway It s a structure in the lower part of the brainstem which activates the interpositus nucleus It also projects into the cerebellar cortex by climbing fibers an air puff to the eye activates the inferior olive Inerpositus nucleus Located beneath the cerebellar cortex it s one of the cerebellar blink deep nuclei Cerebellar Purkinje cells Large densely branched neurons lying along the cerebellar cortex of the berebellum Aplysia Soft taco from last exam conditioned taste aversion In this study rats learned to avoid specific tastes Two group of rats one receives electric shock the other is injected with a poison that makes them ill This was paired with a tone stimulus Goal what stimulus is to blame for their aversion Rats is the poison group associated taste stimulus with poison The shock group was more frightened by the tone when they encountered the taste stimulus Taste predicts illness Audio tone predicts shock tolerance a decrease in reaction resulting in larger doses the achieve the original effect Key names Pavlov Watson Hebb Rescorla Wagner