I What is Deviance A Relationship between Deviance and Criminology 1 All crimes are deviant in nature 2 Not all deviant acts are crimes B Absolutist vs Relativist vs Social Power Perspective 1 Absolutist Perspective a Grounded in religious and naturalist perspective b have a sense of what is right and wrong based on how they are socialized c d Not worried about the context in which the behavior happened if they did it it If something is defined as deviant they will always define it as deviant was wrong no matter what e Ex murder They view it as wrong even if it was self defense 2 Relativist Perspective a Focus on the social context in which this behavior occurs b more variation in what is defined as deviant c understand the circumstances in which crime occurs d Ex murder self defense is justifiable e Ex can yell and scream when celebrating a win but not in class 3 Social Power Perspective a Look at it from a conflict perspective b Who is actually defining the deviant behaviors Are they the group in power c Group in power is trying to maintain this power by defining what is deviant C ABC s of Deviance 1 Attitudes 2 Behaviors 3 Conditions society D Definitions a Achieved statuses based upon beliefs or convictions religious or political views a Often achieved statuses based on outward actions may also be ascribed b c Ex murder sexual behavior they have earned the deviant label through something they have done a Most frequently ascribed statuses that are acquired from birth b Ex Deviant SES poor deviant race being black in a predominately white 1 Norms A set of standards based on the beliefs of a group 2 Folkways Norms for routine or casual interaction simplest norm based on custom tradition and education no formal punishment Ex men pay for a date 3 Mores Norms that are more widely observed and have greater moral significance than others Ex taboos or incest 4 Laws Sanctions associated with violations strongest type of norm violation E Readings 1 Erickson On the Sociology of Deviance a Functionalist approach to deviance 1 Everyone must have a role in order for society to function properly b Community 1 We have a shared set of norms for society 2 as a result of these those who violate will be labeled as a deviant 3 in order for a community to grow and develop members must know there is a sanction to violating a norm c Boundary Maintaining 1 Everyone in a community adheres to those norms because they know the boundaries and those who do not will be punished 2 The way that a community will regulate itself and a process by which the community tries to regulate behavior of all community members 3 before a person is banished or asked to leave a group the group confronts the person and formally labels them as deviant 4 Ex Scarlett letter Amish community banishes deviants not adhering to Amish 1 Changes within the group and within the environment 2 Definitions of acceptable and unacceptable may change and cause a group practices d Shifting Boundaries to shift boundaries e Commitment Ceremonies 1 Examples a Criminal Trial i If someone engages in violating the law they go through a formal trial to formally label them i People who violate the law in the military are labeled deviant through b Court Martial a court martial c Sorority i Sorority standards votes on you to get kicked out if you are not adhering to the rules 2 Becker Labeling Theory a Primary Deviance stigmatized as deviant b Secondary Deviance treated as an outsider c Understanding the labeling process 1 The violation of a norm or rule that does not result in the violator s being 1 Deviant behavior that results from being publicly labeled as deviant and 1 social groups create deviance based on group consensus on what is deviant 2 those who violate these norms are deviant 3 Master Status The status of being deviant supersedes any other status 4 Auxiliary Traits Certain traits a person is expected to have based on their master trait informally expected characteristics 5 Master Traits A trait that distinguishes a master status Ex Doctor 1 process of stigmatization people will judge and treat you based on your d Effects of labeling label II Studying Deviance A Methodological Concepts 1 Population A group of individuals objects or items from which samples are taken for measurement Ex total of US presidents 2 Sample A subset of people or other entities selected for a study Ex Presidents who served in office between specific years 3 Survey Information is obtained through the responses that a sample of individuals give to questions a Most common way to collect data b More expensive have to collect yourself c more time consuming d Pilot Study Pre Survey help improve quality a practice run through to make sure questions make sense 4 Response Rate Percent of the subjects who respond to the survey 5 Field Research Attempts to discover what people think how and why they act within a particular setting a May have issues gaining access b more conducive for sensitive topics because researchers can gain repor 6 Official Statistics Come from state organizations Ex UCR a Easily accessible to public b Reported to FBI c d Certain data may not apply directly to your research question e have to consider missing data Inexpensive B Comparison of Survey Designs 1 Advantages and Disadvantages a Face to face 1 High RR because the interviewer is there 2 Questionnaires are longer 3 Interviewers control question order 4 Interviewers can probe respondents 5 Can be complex and ask several types of questions 6 High cost must reward respondents 7 May answer more how they think the interviewer wants interviewer bias 8 Interviewer presence may make it more difficult for respondents 9 Low RR in central cities a People could be working timing b May not trust outsiders c Ex NYC i When looked at gaining access in high apt buildings with door man interviewers were less likely to get access b Telephone Interviews 1 Random Digit Dialing ensures random sampling 2 High response rate 3 Lower cost 4 Impersonal nature of phone call 5 Visual aids can not be used 6 Interviewers deal with distractions 7 Multiple call backs are required often 8 Caller ID people less likely to answer a random number c Mail Interviews 1 Good for reporting Criminal or Delinquent behavior a can be anonymous 2 Avoids interviewer distortion 3 Preferable for answering sensitive questions Ex Income a more likely to respond to a range of categories rather than writing their exact income b cant ask about
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