Bio lecture week 1 09 09 2014 Read Chapter 1 What is science Description data observations Explanation explains pattern of data observations Purpose Goal based on process method that takes you from description to explanation Purpose To seek increasingly accurate natural explanations understanding of the natural world Assumptions natural phenomena have natural explanations that follow natural patterns rules natural patterns rules are unchanging across space time we can actually uncover or understand natural rules explanations descriptions using a common method Scientific Method Science body of knowledge regarding the natural world systematic process of acquiring organizing and communicating knowledge Science must be and bias declines based on best available evidence objective unbiased allows for trust worthy interpretation must be verifiable testable repeatable self correcting as new research is done accuracy increases acquired through scientific method Scientific Method to use of senses devices instruments 1 Observation single or multiple data must be objective restricted can be improved using measurement 2 Question formed generated based upon observations data 3 Hypothesis tentative explanation of what we see from data observations not random on INDUCTIVE or DEDUCTIVE reasoning true attempt to understand based Inductive reasoning going from specific observations to broader ideas results outcomes general testable experiment or survey Ex This dog has hair Hypothesis All dogs have hair Deductive reasoning apply general idea to predict specific Ex A B B C then A C Used to make clear focused predictions not vague or too using further data collection or 4 Experiments most rigorous tests of hypothesis manipulation of factors or variables suspected to be determining the pattern of interest measurement of effect of the experimental treatment should account for most all variables influencing effect you are measuring repeatable 5 Interpret experimental outcome relative to hypothesis HYPOTH EXPT RESULTS compare with hypothesis if results do NOT support hypothesis reject hypothesis STOP or repeat experiment or design new experiment to test same idea if results DO support hypothesis stop or redo or conduct new experiments Reject definite results do not support hypothesis Support or Accept not equal to proof your hypo not proven to be true Science does not prove anything Does not determine truth all results are viewed as tentative can be improved upon based on current understanding of best available evidence 09 09 2014 09 09 2014
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