Emotions More Feedback from the Body Neuroscience Test 4 Notes o Tell people how to move facial muscles produce expression of an emotion Alterations in Autonomic Nervous System If I said to you squint your eyes little bit and turn up the side of your mouth and maybe split your lips just a little bit etc I am encouraging you to smile without actually saying to smile o We can actually to a small degree cause people to feel that emotion So part of emotional experience is related to what body is doing even muscles of facial expression And imitation of facial expression seems to be innate Maybe for empathy see an emotional expression imitate it feel it o Mimicking another person s facial expressions shows them that you know how they re feeling and that you understand Facial Expressions of Emotions Innate unlearned biologically determined People in different cultures even isolated environments use same patterns of movements of facial muscles to express various emotions Blind versus sited children same expressions o Babies that are born blind or that have never seen anyone smile or frown still do facial expressions Way of communicating But can be modulated o Men tend to not express as much emotion o Women tend to increase amount of emotional expression Brain Areas Involved in Emotion 1 Limbic system 2 Cortex o Amygdala especially more later o Strong response to all emotions o Different emotions seen all over esp Frontal temporal lobes Sometimes different emotions activate same regions o Some cells respond mainly to pleasant pictures others to unpleasant pictures haven t seen cells specific to different types of unpleasantness fear vs anger 3 Insular cortex o Especially for disgust and fear Yours and others Lights up when you get hurt lights up when someone else gets hurt Lateralization Role of Left versus Right Hemispheres Personality o More activity in left frontal cortex happier outgoing fun loving o More activity in right hemisphere socially withdrawn less satisfied w life prone to unpleasant emotions Right hemisphere more responsive to emotional stimuli o Activity in R amygdala more than L when listen to laughter or crying o Pay attention to emotional expression on face R more than L temporal cortex If given the task to identify people in pictures such as what emotion they re feeling there will be more activity in the right temporal lobe than in the left temporal lobe Right hemisphere is more responsive than the left when the task involves emotion NO longer good at recognizing emotional expressions o Damage to R temporal cortex difficulty identifying others emotional states o People w L hemisphere damage outperformed other groups on knowing when people were lying or telling the truth Emotions and Moral Decisions o Better at telling whether people are lying or telling the truth Get rid of the math informative side of the brain and your left with the emotional Inactivate R hemisphere can remember facts surrounding emotional events but not the emotion itself aspects of people such as the emotions they show when they are lying Without the R hemisphere you can give the facts associated with an event but not When the right hemisphere is back on board they can talk about it with the with the emotions appropriate emotion Prefrontal cortex cingulate gyrus and amygdala all active when contemplating a moral decision o We tend to make decisions based on how they feel reason thru them justify them later o o Then we rationalize it through that I would feel terrible if I flipped the switch but they Inability to anticipate unpleasantness leads to bad decision making includes lack of autonomic arousal in anticipation of bad outcome How would I feel if I pushed the guy off the bride pushed somebody off a raft etc shouldn t be standing on the track o o Man w prefrontal cortex damage No emotion made bad decisions could predict outcome o Without the ability to know what would happen or more importantly how you would feel Includes lack of autonomic arousal in anticipation of bad outcome couldn t predict feeling resulting from outcome about a decision you would make completely different decisions Receives highly processed sensory information vision audition olfaction somatosensory from cortex Amygdala Output to Controls hormone release o Hypothalamus for autonomic response o Prefrontal cortex to control approach and avoidance o Brainstem spinal cord startle reflex Midbrain then pons then spinal cord for startle reflex Associates appropriate emotional response with extra personal objects o If you see a snake all coiled up and about to strike extra personal object it is threatening The appropriate emotional response would be to get away from it quickly If you see a rope coiled up you know its not threatening so you don t have to get away o o Sometimes we don t associate the appropriate drive with the appropriate target taking Associates drive with appropriate target anger out on other people The Amygdala is activated when Judging someone s goodness or badness The amygdala is active in social situations trying to figure out the threat level and the comfort level When responding even to the name of someone widely known to be very bad i e Osama Bin Laden amygdala is activated just at hearing the name Seeing words that denote threatening situation i e Murder knife Judging someone s goodness or badness or when responding even to the name of someone widely known to be very bad or seeing words that denote threatening situation Looking at photos of something frightening or someone looking fearful Trying to discern complicated emotional stimuli Fear directed at you or anger directed away from you are hard to discern If you come up to me and you re looking very angry and you re looking directly at me with a clearly angry face it will be very easy for me to figure out that you re mad It is my problem there will be activity in my amygdala however if we re talking and all of a sudden you re looking somewhere else that s more complicated for me to figure out I don t now what s going on I don t know who you re mad at Activity in amygdala is more complicated o o o o o Fear works in the opposite way If you re looking at me with fear it makes no sense that you re scared of me Activity in the amygdala and A LOT of it On the other hand if your looking right past me with a terrified look on your face I will be able to figure it out right away Amygdala will be activated but it wont be as complicated Looking at someone else
View Full Document
Unlocking...