Although Romanticism appeared in the early 1800s the term was not officially coined until 1798 by the German writer and poet Friedrich von Schlegel Neoclassicism had eventually became absorbed into Romanticism as a result of the change in conscious due to chaotic events in the 18th century The Enlightenment had eventually failed due to the upheavals by the French revolution Napoleonic wars and the rise of industrialization and urbanization The French revolution resulted in the rise of the republican government political enfranchisement nationalism and political institutions However the French revolution also caused war and disarray by 1792 The rise of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1804 stopped the french republic and began the Napoleonic Wars which lasted until 1815 The need for war also increased the development of the Industrial Revolution which began in Britain However when the war ended in 1815 the pace of the Industrial Revolution came to a screeching halt After the events of the Napoleonic wars ended people left the country side in order to find work pertaining to manufacture in the city The change in work led to the birth of modern labor and worker management relationships During the Industrial Revolution powerful bourgeois families controlled the production and had a better status within the government With the many turbulent events happening within the 18th century people needed to believe in something other than science and logic that were valued in the Enlightenment period Thus leading them to turn inward in order to embrace the belief of emotion within the individual During this period of switching consciousness Romanticism was not only known for invoking strong emotional responses in the viewer but it was known for demonstrating the uniqueness within the individual rather than copying from antiquity thus making romanticism an attitude rather than a style Furthermore artists no longer draw inspiration of the classical styles of Roman and Greek art but instead reflect on their own rural lifestyles Romanticism gave artists the liberty and freedom to be taken by their own emotions Francisco Goya y Lucientes The best type of visual art to associate with Romanticism is painting because it allows for the spontaneous and unlimited display of emotion Some of the most famous Romantic paintings draw from the dynamic and dramatic elements of Baroque art while others refer from Neoclassic characteristics resulting in compositions that contain static images and intense emotions During the early 19th century spanish artist Francisco Goya y Lucientes demonstrated Romanticism views within his etchings The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters is one of Lucientes 80 etching and aquatint prints from his series Los Caprichos is a response to this eras turbant events The etching depicts the artist asleep on a geometric block that symbolizes rationality while behind him are a group of owls and bats which symbolizes ignorance This etching is open to two interpretations in which the absence of logic leads to ignorance and superstition as represented by the nightmarish scene of the owls and bats behind him However the depiction of owls and bats can also demonstrate the artist freedom in abandoning the demons rationality that plague his mind in order to embrace the use of his inner imagination The Third of May 1808 Because Goya funded the publication of his series Los Caprichos he suffered a severe financial loss In order to make a living Goya completed commissions from the Church and State One of the many compositions that are a response to the French occupation of Spain in 1808 is titled The Third of May 1808 Instead of of demonstrating nobility and morality that was often depicted within the figures of Neoclassical art Goya depicts anonymous faces who are caught up in the brutality of war The composition depicts one raising his arms in the face of unrecognizable executioners as his clothing represents the yellow and white colors of the papacy Although he reflects the pose of christ he does not welcome death as a form of sacrifice Instead he fears death and pleads for his life Although Goya depicted the painting as the sacrifice the noble Spanish to the tyrannical French power in order to gain favor of the papacy the true theme of the painting lies in the senseless death of the innocent in war The painting was meant to invoke the emotion of fear within the viewer as they question their own mortality William Blake Elohim Creating Adam British artist William Blake also shared Goya s views on painting compositions that reflected how he saw his own personalized world as a response to the events around him In 1795 Blake created 12 large prints which relate to his perspective of the early history in which humans born with freedom and liberty later become ruled by reason and rational thinking Common subjects from his prints came from Shakespeare Milton and the Bible His print titled Elohim Creating Adam draws directly from the Bible as the composition depicts Adams birth in the Fall as a material birth rather than a spiritual one His body reflects the pose of Christ as his face is tensed and tortured as the figure lying above him Jehovah protects Adam from the depressing fate of humans The large worm wrapped around Adam s leg symbolized the material world This painting evokes disgust and despair within the viewer as it reflects Blake s perspective of the early world John Constable The Haywain Landscape Landscapes became known as a common medium in the pursuit of truth in nature In Romantic ideology nature was highly valued and expressed the need of bonding During this period John Constable became known as one of the British artists who was known for his landscapes In 1799 COnstable was admitted to the Royal Academy School of London but he later left when he realized he was simply copying from works of antiquity Constable later went on to create landscapes that were surrounded by science and emotion which is demonstrated in his composition titled The Haywain Landscape Noon The forms demonstrated in Constable s Haywain are very subject as we feel the blue sky peeking beneath the dark clouds as well as a palpable layer of moisture that makes the surfaces of the trees glisten against the sunlight The sky and the land represent a collective emotion that is demonstrated by the figures within the composition An unusual aspect about The Haywain is that it is created on a 6 foot