Chapter 6 1 Above the fold A term used to refer to a prominent story it comes from placement of a news story in a broadsheet newspaper above the fold in the middle of the front page 2 Alternative papers Weekly newspapers that serve specialized audiences ranging from racial minorities to gays and lesbians to young people Breaking News An ongoing news story that requires frequent updating 3 4 Broadsheet newspapers Standard sized newspapers which are 5 Chains Corporations that control a significant number of newspapers generally 17 by 22 inches and other media outlets 6 Community Press Weekly and daily newspapers serving individual communities or suburbs instead of an entire metropolitan area 7 Jazz Journalism A lively illustrated style of newspapering popularized by the tabloid papers in the 1920s 8 Mainstreaming The effort by newspapers such as the Los Angeles Times to include quotations by minorities and women in stories that aren t about minority issues 9 Scoop A news story that a news organization reports well ahead of its competitors 10 Tabloid Newspapers Newspapers with a half page 11 by 14 inch format that usually have a cover rather than a traditional front page like the larger broadsheet papers 11 Watergate scandal A burglary authorized by rogue White House staffers of the Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate office and apartment building and its subsequent cover up led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon in 1974 Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein two reporters from the Washington Post covered the story 12 Yellow journalism A style of sensationalistic journalism that grew out of the newspaper circulation battle between Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst Chapter 5 1 Advertorials Advertising materials in magazines designed to look like editorial content rather than paid advertising 2 Consumer magazines Publications targeting an audience of like minded consumers 3 Coverlines Teaser headlines on magazine covers used to shock intrigue or titillate potential buyers 4 Halftone An image produced by a process in which photographs are broken down into a series of dots that appear in shades of gray on the printed page 5 Literary magazines Publications that focus on serious essays and short fiction 6 Magazine A periodical that contains articles of lasting interest Typically they are targeted at a specific audience and derive income from advertising subscriptions and newsstand sales 7 Muckrakers Progressive investigative journalists typically publishing in magazines in the early years of the twentieth century 8 Photojournalism The use of photographs to portray the news in print 9 Plus sized models A female fashion model who wears average or larger clothing size 10 Postal Act of 1879 Legislation that allowed magazines to be mailed nationally at a low cost It was a key factor in the growth of magazine circulation in the late nineteenth century 11 Service magazines Magazines that primarily contain articles about how to do things in a better way such articles include health advice cooking tips employment help or fashion guides 12 Trade magazines Magazines published for people who work in a particular industry or business Chapter 4 1 Alphabets A form of writing in which letters represent individual sounds This type of writing allows any word to be written using only a few dozen unique symbols 2 Bay Psalm Book The first book published in North America by the Puritans in the Massachusetts Bay Colony The book went through more than fifty editions and stayed in print for 125 years 3 Bricks Mortar stores Stores that have a physical presence at which you can shop 4 Dime novels Inexpensive paperback books that sold despite their name for as little as five cents and were especially popular during the Civil War era 5 Domestic novels Novels written in the nineteenth century by and for women that told the story of women who overcame tremendous problems to end up in prosperous middle class homes 6 Font All the characters of a typeface in a particular size and style The 7 term is typically used interchangeably today with the word typeface Ideograph An abstract symbol that stands for a word or phrase The written forms of the Chinese Korean and Japanese languages make use of these 8 Linotype A typesetting machine that lets an operator type at a keyboard rather than pick each letter out by hand This was the standard for typesetting until phototypesetting became common in the 1970s 9 Paper A writing material made from cotton rags or wood pulp invented by the Chinese between 240 BC and 105 BC 10 Papyrus An early form of paper made from the papyrus reed developed by the Egyptians around 3100 BC 11 Parchment An early form of paper made from the skin of goats or sheep which was more durable than papyrus 12 Phonography A system of writing in which symbols stand for spoken sounds rather than objects or ideas Among the most widely used phonographic alphabets are the Latin Roman used in English and the Cyrillic used for writing Russian 13 Pictograph A prehistoric form of writing made up of paintings on rock or cave walls 14 Print on demand A form of publishing in which the physical book is not printed until it s ordered or when the distributor of the book prints additional copies in small batches 15 Publishers The companies that buy manuscripts from authors turn them into books and market them to the public 16 Rotary Press A steam powered press invented in 1814 that could print many times faster than the older hand powered flat bed presses 17 Trade books General interest fiction and nonfiction books that are sold in hardback or large format paperback editions Chapter 3 1 Long tail The portion of a distribution curve where a limited number of people are interested in buying a lot of different products 2 Penny Press Inexpensive widely circulated papers that became popular in the nineteenth century They were the first American media to be supported primarily through advertising revenue 3 Short head The portion of a distribution curve where a large number of people are interested in buying a limited number of products 4 Synergy Where the combined strength of two items is greater than the sum of their individual strengths In the media business it means that a large company can use the strengths of its various divisions to successfully market its content 5 Vertical Integration Controlling all aspects of a media project including production delivery to consumers in multiple formats