Cells of the Nervous System Know the parts of a neuron and their functions Nucleus golgi dendrites receive information lysosome membrane myelin sheath speed up reaction mitochondria ER ribosomes and cytoplasm How are sensory neurons and motor neurons different from each other Motor neurons live in the spinal cord and synapses with muscle fibers sensory neurons live just outside in the dorsal root ganglion and have specialized endings in the skin What are the functions of oligodendrocytes and schwann cells Are there other types of glial cells Oligodendrocytes and schwann cells both create myelin sheath O s in CNS and S s in PNS yes astrocytes remove the waste material microglia repair and radial glia guide cell during migration Gross Anatomy of the Brain What where is the blood brain barrier The blood brain barrier is a mechanism designed to keep harmful substances out of the brain It only lets certain things through It obviously doesn t work all of the time ex drugs It is located where the nerves meet the spinal cord What is white matter Gray matter Gray matter contains the cells and white matter does not Know location and function of the following medulla pons cerebellum midbrain thalamus hypothalamus pituitary gland corpus callosum hippocampus and amygdala Medulla controls vital reflexes Midbrain reflexive orienting to visual and auditory stimuli intrinsic descending pain control Pons Cerebellum movement and balance Thalamus mailman relay station for sensory information on its way to the cortex Hypothalamus homeostasis and drive related behaviors 4 f s feeding fleeing fighting and fornicating Pituitary gland secretes hormones Corpus callosum connects the two hemispheres Hippocampus memory Amygdala emotion Cranial nerves what is their general function How many are there There are 12 pair they bring sensory information to from the face they are like the spinal nerves of the face What are the limbic system and basil ganglia Limbic system several interconnected structures most importantly amygdala and hippocampus temporal lobe Basil ganglia several interconnected structures that facilitate or inhibit cortical activity help various regions of the cortex be active or quiet them down a bit motor control What are ventricles Spaces within the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid What where are meninges 3 layers of tissue with the brain on one side and skull on the other dura mater connected to skull arachnoid and pia mater directly on brain Spinal Cord and PNS Know the Bell Magendie law Entering dorsal roots carry sensory information to the brain and exiting ventral roots carry motor information to the muscles What is a reflex Involuntary response to a sensory input modifiable What structures comprise the CNS PNS CNS brain and spinal cord PNS nerves outside of brain and spinal cord How is the PNS subdivided What are the distinct roles of the somatic enteric sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems Somatic controls voluntary muscles and conveys sensory information to CNS Autonomic controls whether you re in sympathetic or parasympathetic mode read below Understand the differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems Sympathetic is fight or flight activated in arousing stressful situations Physiologically it dilates your pupils increases your heart rate and blood pressure and stops things such as digestion Parasympathetic is rest or digest activated when your body is in a state of rest Physiologically it constricts your pupils slows your breathing and blood pressure and allows for autonomic processes such as digestion to occur Action Potential and Resting Potential When the cell is at rest which ions are most highly concentrated inside of the cell vs outside of the cell Potassium is in sodium and chloride are out What is a voltage gated channel Where are they What voltage is the resting potential Threshold Explain action potential 70 55 What does the sodium potassium pump do What purpose does it serve It is what transfers the potassium to the outside of the cell and brings sodium to the inside it brings 3 sodium ions out for every 2 potassium ions in used to maintain resting potential What does it mean that an action potential is all or none It s like a gun or a toilet it either fires or it doesn t there aren t some action potentials that It pushes the sodium into the cell and it allows for the sodium to essentially jump from one are stronger or faster than others What is salutatory conduction to the next Synaptic Potential What are ligand and voltage gated channels Where are they located Ligand neurotransmitter gated channels that open when the neurotransmitter binds letting the sodium ions go in Voltage gated What is an excitatory synapse Inhibitory Excitatory allows sodium positive into the postsynaptic cell and leads to small Inhibitory allows chloride negative into the cell and leads to small hyperpolarization Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors stop serotonin from being taken up out of the depolarizations Neurotransmitters What are SSRI s synapse
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