ASTRONOMY 3 FINAL EXAM The Final Exam is on Tuesday December 11 from 8 to 11 Am in Kinsey Pavilion 1220B The format of the Final is the same as for the two Midterms multiple choice The Final has 100 questions About one half of the questions are based on the material covered by Midterms 1 and 2 The other half is based on the material since Midterm 2 Please bring a Number 2 pencil to use on the Scantrons The previously sent guidelines for Midterms 1 and 2 are mostly still operative appropriately edited versions of them are reproduced below The Final Exam has a few math type questions that will test whether you understand certain basic relations between quantities Calculations involve only ratios However most of these questions can be correctly answered without actually having to do any calculations but just by realizing that three of the four possible answers are nonsense or wrong Midterm 1 1 Light c wavelength times frequency photon energy is proportional to frequency Black Body flux is proportional to T4 Maximum Black Body wavelength is proportional to 1 T 2 Spectra of the hydrogen atom energy levels Lyman and Balmer series ionization and recombination 3 Doppler Effect shift in wavelength and frequency for toward and away motion 4 Be thoroughly familiar with the internal structure of stars hydrostatic equilibrium convective and radiative heat transport the P P and CNO fusion reactions you do not need to know the actual reactions 5 Be familiar with the Spectral Classification of the stars the temperature roughly and the dominant absorption lines in the various spectral classes 6 Be familiar with Newton s Laws of Mechanics Kepler s Laws and th Law of Gravitation importance of binary stars in determining stellar masses and sizes 7 Be familiar with the explanation of the Main Sequence which stars derive their energy from P P and from CNO the heat transport processes used by the different stars and why the Main sequence has a lower and upper mass Midterm 2 1 Understand the basic stages of star formation from the initial collapse of a knot within a giant molecular cloud the first dynamical collapse the second dynamical collapse the Hayashi Phase and final evolution onto the ZAMS 2 Know the basic properties of the planets asteroids comets Kuiper Belt Objects and moons of the Solar System interior structures surfaces atmospheres and compositions 3 Understand the formation of the Solar System the condensation model that explains why the different bodies formed where they did and their compositions 4 Know the evolution of a solar mass star from its initial appearance on an H R diagram through the Hayashi phase its Main Sequence life to red giant branch horizontal branch star asymptotic branch star planetary nebula and white dwarf understand the physical changes that occur in the core of the star as it evolves you will be given an H R diagram showing the star s evolutionary track and asked questions about the different phases 5 Know the properties of white dwarfs understand degeneracy pressure the upper limit mass know the observational properties of novae and the explanation of novae 6 Know the observational properties of Type Ia and Type II Supernovae understand the evolution of the core of a massive star the core collapse model of Type II supernovae the mass transfer binary model of Type Ia supernovae stars 7 Know the properties of the Crab Nebula and their explanation synchrotron radiation and neutron 8 Know the properties of pulsars and why they must be highly magnetized rotating neutron stars New Material 1 Be familiar with Einstein s General Theory of Relativity Equivalence Principle bending of light gravitational redshift geometric interpretation of gravity 2 Know the properties of Black Holes the Schwarzschild radius the event horizon frozen time Hawking radiation Cygnus X 1 3 Know the physical properties of the Milky Way sizes and stellar populations of the different regions how the Galaxy and spiral structure were discovered the dark matter implications of its rotation curve 4 Be familiar with the physical properties of the different types of galaxies you will be given a list of galaxies each with a specified property and asked questions as to what type of galaxy has that property 5 Be familiar with the properties of clusters of galaxies Zwicky s analysis of the Coma Cluster and how X ray and Gravitational Lensing confirmed his conclusion about dark matter 6 Be familiar with redshift surveys large scale structure and superclusters and their relation to the Cosmological Principle 7 Know the properties of Seyfert galaxies radio galaxies and quasars 8 Know the Hubble Law of Redshifts and the basic assumptions of the Standard Big Bang Model 9 You will be given a diagram of the solutions for the scale factor R t Know the properties of these solutions 10 You will be given the time line for the thermal history of the universe with letters WXYZ replacing eras and a i replacing events and be asked questioned as to what happened and why the eras changed and the events occurred know about cosmonucleosynthesis the cosmic microwave background radiation CMBR the formation of structure 11 Be familiar with the Dicke Problems of the Standard Big Bang Model the Inflationary Scenario and how Inflation explained the Dicke Problems 12 Be familiar with how the cosmic parameters were determined and their implications for the baryonic dark matter and dark energy content of the universe