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PSYC 4072 Study Guide EXAM 3 Topic Relationships CHAPTER 9 1 General slowing hypothesis Proposal that the age related increase in reaction time re ects a general decline of information processing speed within the aging nervous system The reaction times of older groups of adults were plotted against the times of younger adults on a graph called a Brinley plot As you can see from graph below older adults perform at similar speeds on tasks completed relatively quickly by a young adult 500 ms On tasks that take longer for young adults 1 000 ms older adults take proportionately longer 1 500 2 000 ms than they do on the 500 ms tasks 2 Marriage families parenthood once A social institution that is legally sanctioned between a man and a woman By age 55 74 of all men and women in the US have been married at least Important to interpret statistics carefully Retirement health insurance survivor bene ts Greater happiness and higher quality of life Fewer nancial resources lower social support and more complicated legally to Disadvantages Advantages terminate a marital relationship Cohabitation marriage Living together in a stable relationship before marriage or as an alternative to Often precedes marriage 50 60 of married couples lived together Doesn t Cohabitation effect the greater likelihood of divorce among couples who guarantee relationship success cohabitate before marriage Divorce Divorce rates are declining since the 1980 s due to On average rst marriage lasts 8 years Like death divorce is a sorrowful experience Implications for daily living housing nances family Better premarital education People are marrying later in life More realistic expectations Second and more marriages People get married again after divorce 18 of all U S marriages are second marriages 4 are third marriages Second marriages are less stable than rst marriages Divorce proneness Tendency to leave when relationship troubles appear Divorce or stay in high con ict marriage Both have negative consequences 1M new children are affected by divorce every year A marriage ends because of the death of a spouse a likely scenario for older More likely for women By age 85 and older people 77 of all widowed adults are over age 65 Family fallout Widowhood 38 of men are widowers 76 of women are widows Widowhood Effect Surviving spouse is more likely to die than married counterparts 3 4 Intimate relationships Close relationships form an important component of adult life and although these patterns are changing in the United States development in adulthood and later life interacts in important ways with the ties that people have with others The large majority of adults get married and although marriage rates are decreasing and people are waiting longer to get married than in previous decades the majority of adults are living in a marital relationship Intergenerational relationships Myths considerable emotional pain particularly for women The years after the last child leaves the home empty nest is a time of Medicare provides all of the needed health care for disabled older adults A century ago elderly parents and their children lived together more often because families were more caring the modern family is more isolated geographically and emotionally Most parents 65 are neglected by their adult children who never visit them or who callously place them in nursing homes at the slightest provocation 5 Parents and adult children 81 of all middle aged and elderly adults have living children Filial maturity Filial anxiety Developmental transition where adult children begin to identify with their parents Occurs when adult children realize that they may be forced to take on the care of In other cultures it is expected that children will take on the care of their parents a disabled parent Filial obligation or lial piety in old age 6 Grandparents and grandparenting The majority of older adults are grandparents a relationship that tends to be positive but there is a trend toward grandparents raising grandchildren in a skip generation no parents present household Theoretical explanations of grandparenting focus on the remote involved dimension and various categorization schemes are based on this concept Skip generation family de ned as a situation where grandparents are raising grandchildren Approximately 5 7 million or 11 of all grandparents are raising their grandchildren Reasons Parental substance abuse Child abuse and neglect Teenage pregnancy Parental unemployment Divorce AIDS Incarceration with one s own grandparents 7 Widowhood Facilitates a re involvement in one s personal past i e remembering relationships Widowhood is a stressful event for men and women but men are more likely to show the widowhood effect of increased mortality after becoming a widow The effects of widowhood can persist for many years and many people report various forms of attachment to their deceased spouse 8 Friendships Features that characterize friendship relations Friendships are another source of important close relationships in adulthood and even if individuals are not involved in tight knit friendships they may have many important peripheral ties Voluntary Mutuality Flexible Equal and reciprocal Emotional Terminable Psychological support Self disclosure Enhance each other s well being Interpersonal similarity Physical attractiveness Intelligence and competence Basis of Friendships Purpose Characterized by reciprocity with give and take mutual support sharing and Three styles of friendship Mathews 1986 companionship The Independent Style The Discerning Style The Gregarious acquisitive Style Topic Alzheimer s Disease AD CHAPTER 5 105 115 DEMENTIA AND RELATED NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 1 Prevalence historical perspectives on Alzheimer s Disease AD The current terminology re ects the identi cation of the condition as a disease by Alois Alzheimer 1864 1915 a German neurologist He was the rst to link changes in brain tissue with observable symptoms The World Health Organization estimates the prevalence of AD worldwide of people over 60 as 5 of men and 6 of women The incidence rates of new cases is less than 1 a year for those aged 60 to 65 or possibly as high as 6 5 in those 85 and older A commonly quoted gure regarding the number of people in the U S with AD is 5 5 5 million people representing a rate of over 12 of the over 65 age groups and 50 or higher of those over 85 years of age The media and other sources have projected this number to soar into the mid 21st


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LSU PSYC 4072 - Relationships

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