Final Exam Study Guide Chapter 10 Developing Employees and their Careers Employee Development Involves activities that influence employee personal and professional growth Career Development Related to employee development Includes activities that help people manage the progression of their work experiences across their lives How Can Organizations Help Employees Develop Formal Education Courses Certification is an optional designation of competence within a professional License is a required designation of competence within a professional field field Assessments and Feedback Career Assessment Holland typology is a classification developed by Dr John Holland of people s interests values and skills and of job environments It asserts that people will be more satisfied and successful in jobs that closely match their characteristics It consists of 6 different personality types Realistic o Mechanics electricians farmers o Have mechanical and athletic abilities o Like to work outside with tools Investigative o Scientists laboratory assistants technicians o Have math and science abilities o Like to work alone solving problems Artistic o Musicians dancers actors writers o Have good imaginations o Like to create original work Social o Therapists counselors teachers o Have people related abilities o Like to work with and help other people Enterprising o Promoters producers salespeople executives o Have leadership and public speaking abilities o Like to influence other people Conventional o Analysts bankers secretaries o Have clerical and math abilities o Like to work indoors and organize things The World of Work Map is another career assessment tool Uses two main dimensions Prefer working with data or ideas Prefer working with people or things Multisource Assessments and Feedback is a process in which an employee s managers peers and sometimes subordinates and customers answer questions about the employee Responses are combined and provided as developmental feedback for the employee Work Experiences Job enrichment is the addition of challenges or new responsibilities to jobs Job rotation is a temporary lateral work assignment for the purpose of helping employees develop new knowledge and skills Job transfer is a permanent lateral work assignment for the purpose of helping employees develop new knowledge and skills Upward Move promotion is a career move resulting in an increase in responsibility pay and status Downward move demotion is a career move resulting in a decrease in responsibility pay and status Developmental Relationships Coach Sponsor Deliberate relationship to develop specific employee skills that improve work performance Mentoring Deliberate relationship to develop inexperienced employees through personal interaction and discussion Supervisor Coworker Naturally occurring relationship where development is incidental rather than intentional Role Model Nonreciprocal relationship where model is observed in order to learn desired traits and behaviors Support Group Network Group of individuals who join around common characteristics or goals and provide meaningful support to one another Focus on development to attract employees from external labor market Focus on low cost development options Strategic Employee Development Bargain Laborer External Cost Leadership HR Strategy Loyal Soldier Internal Cost Leadership HR Strategy Focus on developing skills of existing employees Focus on low cost development options Free Agent External Differentiation HR Strategy Focus on development to attract employees from external labor market Focus on developing skills needed for high level service and innovation Committed Expert Internal Differentiation HR Strategy Focus on developing skills of existing employees Focus on developing skills needed for high level service and innovation What Are Careers Like Today A career is a pattern of work experiences that people have over their lifetime In previous generations careers involved going to school joining a company and then staying with that company until retirement Progression from position to position generally occurred in the form of promotions that involved more pay and more responsibility what we refer to as moving up the career ladder Protean Career A career characterized by personal responsibility continuous and self directed development and an emphasis on psychological success Personal responsibility Core values Freedom and growth Higher degree of mobility Work satisfaction and professional commitment Work related flexibility Self esteem and self awareness o Measured by marketability Traditional Career Lower degree of mobility Organization responsibility Core Values advancement power Organizational commitment Esteem from others organizational awareness Organizational related flexibility o Measured by organizational survival How Do Organizations Integrate Development Efforts Competency Model Can indicate what types of knowledge skills and behaviors will help an organization accomplish its business strategy Strategically staff important positions with people who have the right characteristics Can also develop those characteristics in others by o Identifying current employees strengths and weaknesses o Encouraging development using the types of development discussed earlier Career Development Process The Career development process includes four steps 1 Self Assessment is a process in which employees determine their interests values personalities and skills 2 Reality Check is when employees gather information to determine whether their self assessments are realistic and how those assessments fit with opportunities in the labor market and with their current employer s future labor needs 3 Goal Setting involves setting milestones or achievements for the future such as positions to achieve skills to be gained and developmental efforts to pursue 4 Action Planning is when employees make plans for how they will accomplish their goals Technology Effective HR practices make use of technology o Ensures that employees have ready access to a variety of developmental opportunities Can be used to integrate various programs so that a database of competencies associated learning experiences can be used to make and track development plans NASA integrated all of their training and development onto one site o Simplifies o Saves money Some Important Career Development Challenges Orientation of new employees Organizations help employees adjust so that they can perform